{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117665917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wincom65874.2025.11313403","title":"Performance Modeling of Recursive Networks with PEPA: Quantitative Insights and Scalability Challenges","display_name":"Performance Modeling of Recursive Networks with PEPA: Quantitative Insights and Scalability Challenges","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117665917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wincom65874.2025.11313403"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wincom65874.2025.11313403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wincom65874.2025.11313403","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 12th International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Communications (WINCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009510525","display_name":"Peyman Teymoori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9507-4373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801380234","display_name":"University of South-Eastern Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/05ecg5h20","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peyman Teymoori","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, University of South-Eastern Norway,Drammen,Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, University of South-Eastern Norway,Drammen,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000031782","display_name":"Toktam Ramezanifarkhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4123-4340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800207870","display_name":"H\u00f8yskolen Kristiania","ror":"https://ror.org/03gss5916","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800207870"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toktam Ramezanifarkhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics, Kristiania University of Applied Sciences,Innovation and Technology,Oslo,Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics, Kristiania University of Applied Sciences,Innovation and Technology,Oslo,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800207870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54787906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.5781999826431274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.5781999826431274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.0737999975681305,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.053700000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7440999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6473000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.5442000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.49810001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4839000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slicing","display_name":"Slicing","score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-calculus","display_name":"Process calculus","score":0.34689998626708984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7440999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6473000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5892000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.5442000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.49810001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4839000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4797999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488148","display_name":"Slicing","level":2,"score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161771561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970286","display_name":"Process calculus","level":2,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38601921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757693","display_name":"Protocol stack","level":3,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106195933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7847935","display_name":"Truncation (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780186347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11414","display_name":"Subnetwork","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wincom65874.2025.11313403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wincom65874.2025.11313403","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 12th International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Communications (WINCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170020907","https://openalex.org/W1511971157","https://openalex.org/W1580405793","https://openalex.org/W1586046707","https://openalex.org/W1897676854","https://openalex.org/W2111390218","https://openalex.org/W2113763958","https://openalex.org/W2114936722","https://openalex.org/W2341865729","https://openalex.org/W2492250943","https://openalex.org/W2889548199","https://openalex.org/W3047038892","https://openalex.org/W3091817527","https://openalex.org/W3129120974","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W4206542816","https://openalex.org/W4243369158","https://openalex.org/W4256266878","https://openalex.org/W4285236280","https://openalex.org/W4392399567"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recursive":[0,53],"layering":[1],"(reusing":[2],"the":[3,44,52,82,95,99,102,158],"same":[4],"protocol":[5],"stack":[6],"across":[7,34],"layers)":[8],"is":[9],"re-emerging":[10],"in":[11],"5G-Advanced":[12],"and":[13,50,68,75,105,141],"6G\u2013from":[14],"network":[15],"slicing":[16],"to":[17,101,130,150],"O-RAN":[18],"(Open":[19],"Radio":[20],"Access":[21],"Network)":[22],"disaggregation-yet":[23],"we":[24],"still":[25],"lack":[26],"a":[27,58,90],"quantitative":[28],"understanding":[29],"of":[30,81,123],"how":[31,107],"bottlenecks":[32],"propagate":[33,110],"these":[35],"stacked":[36],"control/data":[37],"loops.":[38],"We":[39],"model":[40],"such":[41],"systems":[42],"with":[43,133,169],"Performance":[45],"Evaluation":[46],"Process":[47],"Algebra":[48],"(PEPA)":[49],"take":[51],"InterNetwork":[54],"Architecture":[55],"(RINA)":[56],"as":[57],"canonical":[59],"example.":[60],"Eight":[61],"scenarios":[62],"capture":[63],"typical":[64],"wireless":[65],"deployments:":[66],"single-":[67],"multi-layer":[69],"stacks,":[70],"shared-buffer":[71],"contention,":[72],"feedback-controlled":[73],"retransmission,":[74],"soft-failure":[76],"repair.":[77],"Exact":[78],"steady-state":[79],"analysis":[80],"resulting":[83],"continuous-time":[84],"Markov":[85],"chains":[86],"yields,":[87],"for":[88,160],"instance,":[89],"55%":[91],"throughput":[92],"collapse":[93],"when":[94],"bottleneck":[96],"shifts":[97],"from":[98],"lower":[100],"upper":[103],"layer,":[104],"quantifies":[106],"buffer":[108],"overflows":[109],"upward.":[111],"The":[112],"study":[113],"also":[114],"exposes":[115],"two":[116],"methodological":[117],"limits:":[118],"(i)":[119],"state-space":[120],"size":[121],"(number":[122],"possible":[124],"system":[125],"states)":[126],"grows":[127],"super-linearly":[128],"(36":[129],"1296":[131],"states":[132],"one":[134],"extra":[135],"layer),":[136],"exhausting":[137],"mainstream":[138],"PEPA":[139],"tools,":[140],"(ii)":[142],"exponential":[143],"timing":[144],"distorts":[145],"closed-loop":[146],"dynamics":[147],"by":[148],"up":[149],"18%":[151],"versus":[152],"phasetype":[153],"approximations.":[154],"These":[155],"findings":[156],"signal":[157],"need":[159],"scalable,":[161],"non-Markovian":[162],"formalisms\u2014or":[163],"hybrid":[164],"analytic/simulation":[165],"workflows\u2014to":[166],"keep":[167],"pace":[168],"6G":[170],"recursion.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-12-31T00:00:00"}
