{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117784677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wincom65874.2025.11313364","title":"EcoFL: Resource Allocation for Energy-Efficient Federated Learning in Multi-RAT ORAN Networks","display_name":"EcoFL: Resource Allocation for Energy-Efficient Federated Learning in Multi-RAT ORAN Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117784677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wincom65874.2025.11313364"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wincom65874.2025.11313364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wincom65874.2025.11313364","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 12th International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Communications (WINCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101655399","display_name":"Abdelaziz Salama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3339-8292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelaziz Salama","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds,Leeds,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds,Leeds,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001159579","display_name":"Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7048-2960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds,Leeds,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds,Leeds,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059733562","display_name":"Syed Danial Ali Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3551-4680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Danial Ali Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds,Leeds,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds,Leeds,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120970992","display_name":"Maryam Hafeez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Hafeez","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds,Leeds,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds,Leeds,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011903629","display_name":"Syed Ali Raza Zaidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1969-3727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Ali Raza Zaidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds,Leeds,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds,Leeds,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089768882","display_name":"Hamed Ahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5508-8757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Ahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of York,Leeds,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of York,Leeds,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78539204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.7698000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.7698000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.0348999984562397,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.01759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.5885000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.5873000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.5304999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4733000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-resource-management","display_name":"Radio resource management","score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.42579999566078186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7491000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.5885000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.5873000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5670999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5304999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4733000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4609000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182448111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7281197","display_name":"Radio resource management","level":4,"score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.42579999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4154999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4018000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.37369999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3718999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779606945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5145847","display_name":"Collaborative network","level":2,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62793504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228327","display_name":"Access network","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51332947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172305","display_name":"Shared resource","level":2,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65714651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662626","display_name":"Multihoming","level":4,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wincom65874.2025.11313364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wincom65874.2025.11313364","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 12th International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Communications (WINCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8754478693008423,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1111263336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/X039161/1,UKRI851","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982409974","https://openalex.org/W3005116230","https://openalex.org/W3090615085","https://openalex.org/W3109847748","https://openalex.org/W3178176830","https://openalex.org/W3205621988","https://openalex.org/W3209696639","https://openalex.org/W4221100464","https://openalex.org/W4317796310","https://openalex.org/W4321381025","https://openalex.org/W4323338449","https://openalex.org/W4383221307","https://openalex.org/W4389937392","https://openalex.org/W4400354821","https://openalex.org/W4401509024","https://openalex.org/W4401609047","https://openalex.org/W4402891861"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"Learning":[1],"(FL)":[2],"enables":[3],"distributed":[4],"model":[5,116],"training":[6],"on":[7],"edge":[8],"devices":[9],"while":[10],"preserving":[11],"data":[12],"privacy.":[13],"However,":[14],"FL":[15,42,66,115],"deployments":[16],"in":[17,33],"wireless":[18],"networks":[19],"face":[20],"significant":[21],"challenges,":[22],"including":[23],"communication":[24,61,105],"overhead,":[25],"unreliable":[26],"connectivity,":[27],"and":[28,63,88],"high":[29],"energy":[30,83],"consumption,":[31],"particularly":[32],"dynamic":[34,78],"environments.":[35],"This":[36,100],"paper":[37],"proposes":[38],"EcoFL,":[39],"an":[40,74],"integrated":[41],"framework":[43],"that":[44,81],"leverages":[45],"the":[46],"Open":[47],"Radio":[48,55],"Access":[49,56],"Network":[50],"(ORAN)":[51],"architecture":[52],"with":[53,85,97,118],"multiple":[54],"Technologies":[57],"(RATs)":[58],"to":[59,125],"enhance":[60],"efficiency":[62,84],"ensure":[64],"robust":[65],"operations.":[67],"EcoFL":[68],"implements":[69],"a":[70,89],"two-stage":[71],"optimisation":[72],"approach:":[73],"RLbased":[75],"rApp":[76],"for":[77,92,131],"RAT":[79],"selection":[80],"balances":[82],"network":[86,109],"performance,":[87],"CNN-based":[90],"xApp":[91],"near":[93],"real-time":[94],"resource":[95],"allocation":[96],"adaptive":[98],"policies.":[99],"coordinated":[101],"approach":[102],"significantly":[103],"enhances":[104],"resilience":[106],"under":[107],"fluctuating":[108],"conditions.":[110],"Experimental":[111],"results":[112],"demonstrate":[113],"competitive":[114],"performance":[117],"19":[119],"%":[120],"lower":[121],"power":[122],"consumption":[123],"compared":[124],"baseline":[126],"approaches,":[127],"highlighting":[128],"substantial":[129],"potential":[130],"scalable,":[132],"energy-efficient":[133],"collaborative":[134],"learning":[135],"applications.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-12-31T00:00:00"}