{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405845370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs61860.2024.10810712","title":"Combined CNN and ViT features off-the-shelf: Another astounding baseline for recognition.","display_name":"Combined CNN and ViT features off-the-shelf: Another astounding baseline for recognition.","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405845370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs61860.2024.10810712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wifs61860.2024.10810712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs61860.2024.10810712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-54713","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086684870","display_name":"Fernando Alonso\u2010Fernandez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1400-346X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Alonso-Fernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Halmstad University. Box 823,Halmstad,Sweden,SE 301-18"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Halmstad University. Box 823,Halmstad,Sweden,SE 301-18","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005366268","display_name":"Kevin Hernandez\u2010Diaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9696-7843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Hernandez-Diaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Halmstad University. Box 823,Halmstad,Sweden,SE 301-18"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Halmstad University. Box 823,Halmstad,Sweden,SE 301-18","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082046789","display_name":"Prayag Tiwari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2851-4260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prayag Tiwari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Halmstad University. Box 823,Halmstad,Sweden,SE 301-18"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Halmstad University. Box 823,Halmstad,Sweden,SE 301-18","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041524830","display_name":"Josef Big\u00fcn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4929-1262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josef Bigun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Halmstad University. Box 823,Halmstad,Sweden,SE 301-18"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Halmstad University. Box 823,Halmstad,Sweden,SE 301-18","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086684870"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4699,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84225562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.7013999819755554,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.7013999819755554,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.731163740158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7030885815620422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-the-shelf","display_name":"Off the shelf","score":0.5723843574523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4329662322998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3364345133304596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.1167832612991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07060006260871887}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.731163740158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7030885815620422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982819384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7078910","display_name":"Off the shelf","level":2,"score":0.5723843574523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4329662322998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3364345133304596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.1167832612991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07060006260871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wifs61860.2024.10810712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs61860.2024.10810712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:hh-54713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-54713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401463","display_name":"Hogskolan Ihalmstad (Halmstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I746986","host_organization_name":"Halmstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:hh-54713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-54713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401463","display_name":"Hogskolan Ihalmstad (Halmstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I746986","host_organization_name":"Halmstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598554978","https://openalex.org/W1853137905","https://openalex.org/W1994161687","https://openalex.org/W2033291679","https://openalex.org/W2062118960","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2152690956","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2536750593","https://openalex.org/W2559991176","https://openalex.org/W2776621604","https://openalex.org/W2891520308","https://openalex.org/W2907071956","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2976865175","https://openalex.org/W4206706211","https://openalex.org/W4220908375","https://openalex.org/W4309023090","https://openalex.org/W4316036513","https://openalex.org/W4386699376","https://openalex.org/W4390489187","https://openalex.org/W4392472696","https://openalex.org/W4399283184","https://openalex.org/W6869237912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2913146933","https://openalex.org/W2372385138","https://openalex.org/W4296359239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,85],"apply":[1],"pre-trained":[2,112],"architectures,":[3],"originally":[4],"developed":[5],"for":[6,14,31,64,126],"the":[7,29,54],"ImageNet":[8],"Large":[9],"Scale":[10],"Visual":[11],"Recognition":[12],"Challenge,":[13],"periocular":[15,83],"recognition.":[16],"These":[17],"architectures":[18],"have":[19],"demon-strated":[20],"significant":[21],"success":[22],"in":[23,99,119],"various":[24],"computer":[25],"vision":[26],"tasks":[27],"beyond":[28],"ones":[30],"which":[32],"they":[33],"were":[34],"designed.":[35],"This":[36,132],"work":[37],"builds":[38],"on":[39,82],"our":[40],"previous":[41],"study":[42],"using":[43],"off-the-shelf":[44],"Convolutional":[45],"Neural":[46],"Network":[47],"(CNN)":[48],"and":[49,72,90],"extends":[50],"it":[51],"to":[52,78],"include":[53],"more":[55],"recently":[56],"proposed":[57],"Vision":[58],"Transformers":[59],"(ViT).":[60],"Despite":[61],"being":[62],"trained":[63],"generic":[65],"object":[66],"classification,":[67],"middle-layer":[68],"features":[69,138],"from":[70],"CNNs":[71,89],"ViTs":[73,91],"are":[74,92,139],"a":[75,107],"suitable":[76,125],"way":[77],"recognize":[79],"individuals":[80],"based":[81],"images.":[84],"also":[86],"demonstrate":[87],"that":[88,106],"highly":[93],"complementary":[94],"since":[95],"their":[96],"combination":[97],"results":[98],"boosted":[100],"accuracy.":[101],"In":[102],"addition,":[103],"we":[104],"show":[105],"small":[108],"portion":[109],"of":[110],"these":[111],"models":[113,121],"can":[114],"achieve":[115],"good":[116],"accuracy,":[117],"resulting":[118],"thinner":[120],"with":[122],"fewer":[123],"parameters,":[124],"resource-limited":[127],"environments":[128],"such":[129],"as":[130,141],"mobiles.":[131],"efficiency":[133],"improves":[134],"if":[135],"traditional":[136],"handcrafted":[137],"added":[140],"well.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
