{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311737413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs55849.2022.9975396","title":"ECU Identification using Neural Network Classification and Hyperparameter Tuning","display_name":"ECU Identification using Neural Network Classification and Hyperparameter Tuning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311737413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs55849.2022.9975396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wifs55849.2022.9975396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs55849.2022.9975396","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063826861","display_name":"Kunaal Verma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kunaal Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,CECS Department,Dearborn,USA","CECS Department, University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,CECS Department,Dearborn,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CECS Department, University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009520299","display_name":"Mansi Girdhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3672-8955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mansi Girdhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,CECS Department,Dearborn,USA","CECS Department, University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,CECS Department,Dearborn,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CECS Department, University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081212446","display_name":"Azeem Hafeez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8855-6158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azeem Hafeez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,CECS Department,Dearborn,USA","CECS Department, University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,CECS Department,Dearborn,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CECS Department, University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113897730","display_name":"S.S. Awad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Selim S. Awad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,CECS Department,Dearborn,USA","CECS Department, University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,CECS Department,Dearborn,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CECS Department, University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063826861"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5525,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68144044,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.871661365032196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7772934436798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.7041932940483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.6123875379562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.604490339756012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5108818411827087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.47335314750671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.44788262248039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43020111322402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.42121559381484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41384124755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4121934473514557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3952670693397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3821781575679779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3477672338485718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.871661365032196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7772934436798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.7041932940483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6123875379562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.604490339756012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5108818411827087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.47335314750671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44788262248039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43020111322402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42121559381484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41384124755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4121934473514557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3952670693397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3821781575679779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3477672338485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wifs55849.2022.9975396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs55849.2022.9975396","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1596975731","https://openalex.org/W2106822551","https://openalex.org/W2142254720","https://openalex.org/W2163160616","https://openalex.org/W2324618222","https://openalex.org/W2414564754","https://openalex.org/W2464037380","https://openalex.org/W2503562633","https://openalex.org/W2545810962","https://openalex.org/W2561208905","https://openalex.org/W2587647351","https://openalex.org/W2592742990","https://openalex.org/W2605804924","https://openalex.org/W2897929592","https://openalex.org/W2921212998","https://openalex.org/W2945012921","https://openalex.org/W2964052849","https://openalex.org/W3010821038","https://openalex.org/W3092232275","https://openalex.org/W3102209962","https://openalex.org/W4210840056","https://openalex.org/W4233406110","https://openalex.org/W4313019975","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6719536112","https://openalex.org/W6762698048","https://openalex.org/W6805878380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140186469","https://openalex.org/W4390421286","https://openalex.org/W4280563792","https://openalex.org/W4389724018","https://openalex.org/W4318719684","https://openalex.org/W3183136280","https://openalex.org/W4318559728","https://openalex.org/W2775233965","https://openalex.org/W4360995913","https://openalex.org/W4312193868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intrusion":[0,20],"detection":[1,85],"for":[2],"Controller":[3],"Area":[4],"Network":[5],"(CAN)":[6],"protocol":[7],"requires":[8],"modern":[9],"methods":[10],"in":[11],"order":[12],"to":[13,29],"compete":[14],"with":[15],"other":[16],"electrical":[17],"architectures.":[18],"Fingerprint":[19,52],"Detection":[21],"Systems":[22],"(IDS)":[23],"provide":[24],"a":[25,48,83],"promising":[26],"new":[27],"approach":[28],"solve":[30],"this":[31,46,80],"problem.":[32],"By":[33],"characterizing":[34],"network":[35,64,68],"traffic":[36,65],"from":[37],"known":[38],"ECUs,":[39],"hazardous":[40],"messages":[41],"can":[42],"be":[43],"discriminated.":[44],"In":[45],"article,":[47],"modified":[49],"version":[50],"of":[51,63,73,87],"IDS":[53],"is":[54],"employed":[55],"utilizing":[56],"both":[57],"step":[58],"response":[59],"and":[60,77],"spectral":[61],"characterization":[62],"via":[66],"neural":[67],"training.":[69],"With":[70],"the":[71],"addition":[72],"feature":[74],"set":[75],"reduction":[76],"hyperparameter":[78],"tuning,":[79],"method":[81],"accomplishes":[82],"99.4%":[84],"rate":[86],"trusted":[88],"ECU":[89],"traffic.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
