{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2763515045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2017.8267644","title":"Security in the shell: An optical physical unclonable function made of shells of cholesteric liquid crystals","display_name":"Security in the shell: An optical physical unclonable function made of shells of cholesteric liquid crystals","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2763515045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2017.8267644","mag":"2763515045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wifs.2017.8267644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2017.8267644","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/32518","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070924321","display_name":"Gabriele Lenzini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8229-3270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Lenzini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security and Trust (SnT), Interdisciplinary Centre for Reliability","University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security and Trust (SnT), Interdisciplinary Centre for Reliability","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045704925","display_name":"Samir Ouchani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7997-8225"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samir Ouchani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security and Trust (SnT), Interdisciplinary Centre for Reliability","LINEACT -\n        Laboratoire d'Innovation Num\u00e9rique pour les Entreprises et les Apprentissages au service de la Comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 des Territoires"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security and Trust (SnT), Interdisciplinary Centre for Reliability","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LINEACT -\n        Laboratoire d'Innovation Num\u00e9rique pour les Entreprises et les Apprentissages au service de la Comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 des Territoires","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064694865","display_name":"Peter B. Roenne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2785-8301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Roenne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security and Trust (SnT), Interdisciplinary Centre for Reliability","University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security and Trust (SnT), Interdisciplinary Centre for Reliability","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006427033","display_name":"Peter Y. A. Ryan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-9034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB","LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Y. A. Ryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security and Trust (SnT), Interdisciplinary Centre for Reliability","University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg]","University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security and Trust (SnT), Interdisciplinary Centre for Reliability","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010705531","display_name":"Yong Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5299-1596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799503643","display_name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01esghr10","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799503643"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg","CUMC -\n        Columbia University Medical Center"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CUMC -\n        Columbia University Medical Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799503643"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029474859","display_name":"Jan P. F. Lagerwall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9753-1147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Lagerwall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg","University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102851149","display_name":"JungHyun Noh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7480-8182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JungHyun Noh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg","University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070924321"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6948,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70561125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-unclonable-function","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","score":0.884963870048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5637773871421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bundle","display_name":"Bundle","score":0.5056827068328857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shell","display_name":"Shell (structure)","score":0.4955025911331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4926322102546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38743725419044495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.24717912077903748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16290318965911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.10302126407623291}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8643368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4046262","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","level":3,"score":0.884963870048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5637773871421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778134712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047307","display_name":"Bundle","level":2,"score":0.5056827068328857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2230313","display_name":"Shell (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4955025911331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4926322102546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38743725419044495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.24717912077903748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16290318965911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.10302126407623291}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wifs.2017.8267644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2017.8267644","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04093991v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04093991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922461","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS), Dec 2017, Rennes, France. pp.1-6, ⟨10.1109/WIFS.2017.8267644⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/32518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/32518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc. of the 9th IEEE Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (2017-10-02); 9th IEEE Workshop on Information Forensics and Security, Rennes, France [FR], 7-9  December","raw_type":"peer reviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/32518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/32518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc. of the 9th IEEE Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (2017-10-02); 9th IEEE Workshop on Information Forensics and Security, Rennes, France [FR], 7-9  December","raw_type":"peer reviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45347091","https://openalex.org/W1501486502","https://openalex.org/W1504081452","https://openalex.org/W1524190286","https://openalex.org/W1976609088","https://openalex.org/W1984896386","https://openalex.org/W2076463336","https://openalex.org/W2088455835","https://openalex.org/W2114476616","https://openalex.org/W2123482651","https://openalex.org/W2153885989","https://openalex.org/W2169212403","https://openalex.org/W2400872467","https://openalex.org/W2555688350","https://openalex.org/W2913274690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386278306","https://openalex.org/W2594513438","https://openalex.org/W2010558539","https://openalex.org/W2580259249","https://openalex.org/W3038784943","https://openalex.org/W3096667951","https://openalex.org/W2910284721","https://openalex.org/W2739596575","https://openalex.org/W3021721596","https://openalex.org/W3091567181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,63],"describe":[1],"the":[2,19,67],"application":[3],"in":[4,18,26,28,101],"security":[5,95],"of":[6,8,39,45,76,85],"shells":[7,14,84],"Cholesteric":[9],"Liquid":[10],"Crystals":[11],"(ChLCs).":[12],"Such":[13],"have":[15],"a":[16,29,35,43,80],"diameter":[17],"microns":[20],"range":[21],"and":[22,58,94,97],"can":[23],"be":[24,56],"gathered":[25],"hundreds":[27],"surface":[30],"area":[31],"as":[32,34],"small":[33],"nail's":[36],"head.":[37],"Because":[38],"their":[40,92,98],"structural":[41],"properties,":[42],"bundle":[44,68],"them":[46],"reflects":[47],"light,":[48],"creating":[49],"colorful":[50],"patterns":[51],"that":[52,66],"we":[53,90],"argue":[54,64],"to":[55,61,82],"unique":[57],"computationally":[59],"hard":[60],"predict.":[62],"also":[65],"itself":[69],"is":[70],"unclonable.":[71],"These":[72],"are":[73],"typical":[74],"properties":[75,96],"Physically":[77],"Unclonable":[78],"Functions,":[79],"family":[81],"which":[83],"ChLCs":[86],"belong":[87],"too.":[88],"Herein":[89],"discuss":[91],"physical":[93],"potential":[99],"use":[100],"object":[102],"authentication.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}