{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2577666727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2016.7823896","title":"Passive NAT detection using HTTP access logs","display_name":"Passive NAT detection using HTTP access logs","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2577666727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2016.7823896","mag":"2577666727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wifs.2016.7823896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2016.7823896","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10467/61598","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044077498","display_name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 Kom\u00e1rek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomas Komarek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021544115","display_name":"Martin Grill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-1557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Grill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059337672","display_name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 Pevn\u00fd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-9713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomas Pevny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7572,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68674399,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nat","display_name":"Nat","score":0.9143452644348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8157622814178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipv4","display_name":"IPv4","score":0.7851083278656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-address-translation","display_name":"Network address translation","score":0.7035731077194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.570493757724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host","display_name":"Host (biology)","score":0.553768515586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4699571132659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.4459451735019684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.43513649702072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.428016722202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40437883138656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3167150616645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipv6","display_name":"IPv6","score":0.2820729613304138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17759931087493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-protocol","display_name":"Internet Protocol","score":0.08155909180641174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182516595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376660","display_name":"Nat","level":2,"score":0.9143452644348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8157622814178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779233093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11103","display_name":"IPv4","level":4,"score":0.7851083278656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147873670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11182","display_name":"Network address translation","level":4,"score":0.7035731077194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.570493757724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.553768515586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4699571132659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.4459451735019684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.43513649702072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.428016722202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40437883138656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3167150616645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84555802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551624","display_name":"IPv6","level":3,"score":0.2820729613304138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17759931087493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35341882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8795","display_name":"Internet Protocol","level":3,"score":0.08155909180641174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wifs.2016.7823896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2016.7823896","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.cvut.cz:10467/61598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10467/61598","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10467/61598","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196895","display_name":"Czech Technical University Digital Library (Czech Technical University in Prague)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","host_organization_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"diplomov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce"},{"id":"mag:2751091175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/public/20090422/201702220869751569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512817","display_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.cvut.cz:10467/61598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10467/61598","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10467/61598","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196895","display_name":"Czech Technical University Digital Library (Czech Technical University in Prague)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","host_organization_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"diplomov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2577666727.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2577666727.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40890042","https://openalex.org/W125674153","https://openalex.org/W1595294668","https://openalex.org/W1595569211","https://openalex.org/W1664342854","https://openalex.org/W1982812298","https://openalex.org/W2064465904","https://openalex.org/W2087321129","https://openalex.org/W2127883478","https://openalex.org/W2163075236","https://openalex.org/W2169650425","https://openalex.org/W2678934292","https://openalex.org/W3004320175","https://openalex.org/W6635539217","https://openalex.org/W6637075627","https://openalex.org/W6679102953","https://openalex.org/W6739612070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069788412","https://openalex.org/W2489790324","https://openalex.org/W2359387296","https://openalex.org/W2353440453","https://openalex.org/W2347433199","https://openalex.org/W2353457487","https://openalex.org/W281246390","https://openalex.org/W2061141964","https://openalex.org/W2377427340","https://openalex.org/W2385505130"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0,3],"devices":[1,34,58],"performing":[2],"Address":[4],"Translation":[5],"(NAT)":[6],"overcome":[7],"the":[8,11,23,40,60,132,140,146,150],"problem":[9],"of":[10,13,31,69,142],"deficit":[12],"IPv4":[14],"addresses":[15],"as":[16,18],"well":[17],"introduce":[19],"a":[20,47,96,99,108,127],"vulnerability":[21],"to":[22,122,130],"network":[24,41,61,70],"with":[25],"possibly":[26],"insecure":[27],"configurations.":[28],"Therefore":[29],"detection":[30,51,147],"unauthorized":[32],"NAT":[33,50,57,100],"is":[35,53,98,112,120],"an":[36,103],"important":[37],"task":[38],"in":[39,59],"security":[42],"domain.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"novel":[48],"passive":[49],"algorithm":[52,148],"proposed":[54],"that":[55],"identifies":[56],"using":[62,72],"statistical":[63],"behavior":[64,68],"analysis.":[65],"We":[66],"model":[67],"hosts":[71],"eight":[73],"features":[74,81],"extracted":[75],"from":[76,135],"HTTP":[77],"access":[78],"logs.":[79,138],"These":[80],"are":[82],"collected":[83],"within":[84],"consecutive":[85],"non-overlapping":[86],"time":[87],"windows":[88],"covering":[89],"last":[90],"24":[91],"hours.":[92],"To":[93],"classify":[94],"whether":[95],"host":[97,105],"device":[101],"or":[102],"end":[104],"(non-NAT":[106],"device)":[107],"pre-trained":[109],"linear":[110],"classifier":[111],"used.":[113],"Since":[114],"labeled":[115],"data":[116,134],"for":[117],"training":[118,133],"purposes":[119],"hard":[121],"obtain,":[123],"we":[124],"also":[125],"propose":[126],"way":[128],"how":[129],"generate":[131],"unlabeled":[136],"traffic":[137],"On":[139],"basis":[141],"our":[143],"experimental":[144],"evaluation,":[145],"outperforms":[149],"state-of-the-art":[151],"solution":[152],"represented":[153],"by":[154],"[3].":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}