{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2535058639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2015.7368556","title":"Forensics of high-quality JPEG images with color subsampling","display_name":"Forensics of high-quality JPEG images with color subsampling","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2535058639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2015.7368556","mag":"2535058639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wifs.2015.7368556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2015.7368556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022046774","display_name":"Matthias Carnein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-626X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22465464","display_name":"University of M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd74e08","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Carnein","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of M\u00fcnster"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of M\u00fcnster","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039542868","display_name":"Pascal Sch\u00f6ttle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8710-9188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Schottle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029455813","display_name":"Rainer B\u00f6hme","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4518-6227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rainer Bohme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022046774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9205,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83382466,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7956751585006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7769103646278381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7675026655197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg","display_name":"JPEG","score":0.7651763558387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.74948650598526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chrominance","display_name":"Chrominance","score":0.6740787625312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5553059577941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.4741356074810028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-image","display_name":"Color image","score":0.4559810757637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transform-coding","display_name":"Transform coding","score":0.4401891231536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37648677825927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3324626088142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.32946544885635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.21167388558387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.17226332426071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15437474846839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance","display_name":"Luminance","score":0.08694043755531311}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7956751585006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7769103646278381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7675026655197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198751489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2195","display_name":"JPEG","level":3,"score":0.7651763558387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.74948650598526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163204269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355263","display_name":"Chrominance","level":3,"score":0.6740787625312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5553059577941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.4741356074810028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142616399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148604","display_name":"Color image","level":4,"score":0.4559810757637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169805256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361381","display_name":"Transform coding","level":4,"score":0.4401891231536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37648677825927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3324626088142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.32946544885635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.21167388558387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.17226332426071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15437474846839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.08694043755531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wifs.2015.7368556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2015.7368556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509715878","https://openalex.org/W1518526535","https://openalex.org/W1984330335","https://openalex.org/W1994743750","https://openalex.org/W2040490772","https://openalex.org/W2058860584","https://openalex.org/W2070040249","https://openalex.org/W2084252081","https://openalex.org/W2099711786","https://openalex.org/W2118779391","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2124252144","https://openalex.org/W2144798676","https://openalex.org/W2155180118","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4255023712","https://openalex.org/W6631078964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046493819","https://openalex.org/W2080985785","https://openalex.org/W2909465341","https://openalex.org/W2469398424","https://openalex.org/W3141893357","https://openalex.org/W4200273887","https://openalex.org/W2914041582","https://openalex.org/W3012501628","https://openalex.org/W2008386396","https://openalex.org/W2571757032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"prior":[1],"compression":[2,50],"is":[3],"an":[4],"essential":[5],"task":[6],"in":[7,17,39],"image":[8],"forensics":[9],"and":[10,26,47,55,76,101,137,154],"can":[11],"be":[12],"used":[13],"to":[14,62,80,90,121,139,144],"detect":[15,140],"forgery":[16],"digital":[18],"images.":[19,127,157],"Many":[20],"approaches":[21],"focus":[22],"on":[23],"grayscale":[24,74,145],"images":[25,46,75,97,133],"assume":[27],"compressions":[28,68],"with":[29,69],"a":[30,149],"low":[31],"quality":[32,49,70],"factor":[33,71],"which":[34],"often":[35],"leave":[36],"visible":[37],"artifacts":[38],"the":[40,64,91,105],"image.":[41],"In":[42],"practice,":[43],"however,":[44],"color":[45,96,102,126,132],"high":[48],"are":[51,119],"much":[52],"more":[53,92,107,141],"relevant":[54,93],"widespread.":[56],"Block":[57],"convergence":[58,89,112,130],"has":[59,77],"been":[60,78],"proposed":[61],"estimate":[63],"number":[65],"of":[66,95],"JPEG":[67],"100":[72],"for":[73,113,125,131],"shown":[79],"produce":[81,122],"accurate":[82,123],"results":[83],"[1].":[84],"This":[85],"paper":[86],"extends":[87],"block":[88,111,129],"case":[94],"where":[98],"chrominance":[99],"subsampling":[100],"conversion":[103],"make":[104],"estimation":[106],"complex.":[108],"By":[109],"observing":[110],"macro-blocks":[114],"over":[115],"multiple":[116],"recompressions":[117,142],"we":[118],"able":[120],"estimates":[124],"Oftentimes":[128],"enables":[134],"similar":[135],"accuracy":[136],"allows":[138],"compared":[143],"images,":[146],"while":[147],"maintaining":[148],"good":[150],"distinction":[151],"between":[152],"never":[153],"once":[155],"compressed":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
