{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2542826708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2012.6412658","title":"Identify computer generated characters by analysing facial expressions variation","display_name":"Identify computer generated characters by analysing facial expressions variation","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2542826708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2012.6412658","mag":"2542826708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wifs.2012.6412658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2012.6412658","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064606251","display_name":"Duc\u2010Tien Dang\u2010Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2761-2213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Duc-Tien Dang-Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028899632","display_name":"Giulia Boato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0260-9528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulia Boato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068660181","display_name":"Francesco G. B. De Natale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2566-6995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco G.B. De Natale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064606251"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.67,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86911633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9377999901771545,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.7441204786300659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6961297988891602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.6836451292037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.568260669708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5614966154098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.5185914039611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4594780504703522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45736581087112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3828356862068176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3699237108230591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3289949893951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.062409669160842896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.7441204786300659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6961297988891602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.6836451292037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.568260669708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5614966154098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5185914039611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4594780504703522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45736581087112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3828356862068176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3699237108230591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3289949893951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.062409669160842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wifs.2012.6412658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2012.6412658","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/94632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11572/94632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1800329471","https://openalex.org/W1855204404","https://openalex.org/W1986530040","https://openalex.org/W2003238582","https://openalex.org/W2026871208","https://openalex.org/W2038350280","https://openalex.org/W2046943827","https://openalex.org/W2058339363","https://openalex.org/W2062503914","https://openalex.org/W2099013489","https://openalex.org/W2106115875","https://openalex.org/W2141698957","https://openalex.org/W2151825689","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2995034616","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3114284325","https://openalex.org/W3131553854","https://openalex.org/W4244098250","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6638958570","https://openalex.org/W6662108645","https://openalex.org/W6682684473","https://openalex.org/W6788119825"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386430105","https://openalex.org/W2356521405","https://openalex.org/W2038534795","https://openalex.org/W2384358604","https://openalex.org/W1567829292","https://openalex.org/W3001063351","https://openalex.org/W3196905815","https://openalex.org/W2351370765","https://openalex.org/W3133811809","https://openalex.org/W2642127892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Significant":[0],"improvements":[1],"have":[2],"been":[3],"recently":[4],"achieved":[5],"in":[6,47,56],"both":[7],"quality":[8],"and":[9,74],"realism":[10],"of":[11,86,100],"computer":[12,72],"generated":[13,73],"characters,":[14],"which":[15],"are":[16,96],"nowadays":[17],"often":[18],"very":[19],"difficult":[20],"to":[21,69,92],"be":[22],"distinguished":[23],"from":[24],"real":[25],"ones.":[26],"However,":[27],"generating":[28],"highly":[29],"realistic":[30],"facial":[31,79,88],"expressions":[32,40,80],"is":[33,53],"still":[34],"a":[35,43,67],"challenging":[36],"issue,":[37],"since":[38],"synthetic":[39,101],"usually":[41,54],"follow":[42],"repetitive":[44],"pattern,":[45],"while":[46],"natural":[48,75],"faces":[49,76],"the":[50,87,93],"same":[51,94],"expression":[52,95],"produced":[55],"similar":[57],"but":[58],"not":[59],"equal":[60],"ways.":[61],"In":[62,82],"this":[63],"paper,":[64],"we":[65],"propose":[66],"method":[68],"distinguish":[70],"between":[71],"based":[77],"on":[78],"analysis.":[81],"particular,":[83],"small":[84],"variations":[85],"shape":[89],"models":[90],"corresponding":[91],"used":[97],"as":[98],"evidence":[99],"characters.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2016-11-04T00:00:00"}