{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2532570497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2012.6412618","title":"Facial landmark configuration for improved detection","display_name":"Facial landmark configuration for improved detection","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2532570497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2012.6412618","mag":"2532570497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wifs.2012.6412618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2012.6412618","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108049798","display_name":"Chengwei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9060-6361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049119707","display_name":"Boris Efraty","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. A. Efraty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054827318","display_name":"Uday Kurkure","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9000-291X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Kurkure","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083103442","display_name":"Manos Papadakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-7076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Papadakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038747694","display_name":"Shishir K. Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4093-6906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. K. Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031773367","display_name":"Ioannis A. Kakadiaris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0591-1079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. A. Kakadiaris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108049798"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5491,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71977543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.9339727163314819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.682658851146698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5688700675964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5632979273796082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32742273807525635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.9339727163314819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.682658851146698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5688700675964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5632979273796082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32742273807525635}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wifs.2012.6412618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2012.6412618","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8853611","https://openalex.org/W1554965040","https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1975647954","https://openalex.org/W1980732600","https://openalex.org/W1982390156","https://openalex.org/W2032558548","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2036989445","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2046268678","https://openalex.org/W2058586075","https://openalex.org/W2076017598","https://openalex.org/W2078966519","https://openalex.org/W2102512156","https://openalex.org/W2105931158","https://openalex.org/W2115846623","https://openalex.org/W2116277445","https://openalex.org/W2118774738","https://openalex.org/W2124558257","https://openalex.org/W2127028853","https://openalex.org/W2137117160","https://openalex.org/W2137508330","https://openalex.org/W2142848890","https://openalex.org/W2912990735","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600350018","https://openalex.org/W6633414824","https://openalex.org/W6674975915","https://openalex.org/W6675874511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2079911747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"two":[5,54],"methods":[6,79],"to":[7,18],"improve":[8],"the":[9,25,31,34,74],"performance":[10,75],"of":[11,33,43,76],"landmark":[12,26,36,45],"detection":[13],"algorithms":[14],"that":[15,29],"are":[16],"designed":[17],"detect":[19],"individual":[20,35],"landmarks.":[21],"We":[22,52,72],"focus":[23],"on":[24,48],"configuration":[27,42,55],"module":[28],"takes":[30],"output":[32],"detectors":[37],"and":[38,64,84],"searches":[39],"for":[40],"a":[41,59,66],"optimal":[44],"locations":[46],"based":[47],"appropriate":[49],"shape":[50],"constraints.":[51],"design":[53],"search":[56],"approaches:":[57],"(i)":[58],"multivariate":[60],"conditional":[61],"Gaussian-based":[62],"model,":[63],"(ii)":[65],"MRF-based":[67],"formulation":[68],"with":[69],"higher-order":[70],"potentials.":[71],"evaluated":[73],"our":[77],"proposed":[78],"using":[80],"several":[81],"state-of-the-art":[82],"detectors,":[83],"consistently":[85],"obtained":[86],"improved":[87],"performance.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
