{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090393088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wiamis.2013.6616148","title":"Real-time head nod and shake detection for continuous human affect recognition","display_name":"Real-time head nod and shake detection for continuous human affect recognition","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090393088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wiamis.2013.6616148","mag":"2090393088"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wiamis.2013.6616148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wiamis.2013.6616148","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 14th International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (WIAMIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113480913","display_name":"Haolin Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3657-2448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154081","display_name":"Clarity Centre for Sensor Web Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/04m514a38","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","display_name":"Dublin City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1a1e81","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haolin Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, Dublin City University, Ireland","CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technol., Dublin City Univ., Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, Dublin City University, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154081","https://openalex.org/I42934936"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technol., Dublin City Univ., Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059822063","display_name":"Patricia Scanlon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Scanlon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Labs Ireland, Alcatel Lucent Dublin, Ireland","Bell Labs. Ireland, Alcatel Lucent Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Labs Ireland, Alcatel Lucent Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Labs. Ireland, Alcatel Lucent Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101962630","display_name":"Yingbo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-4342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154081","display_name":"Clarity Centre for Sensor Web Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/04m514a38","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","display_name":"Dublin City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1a1e81","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingbo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, Dublin City University, Ireland","CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technol., Dublin City Univ., Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, Dublin City University, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154081","https://openalex.org/I42934936"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technol., Dublin City Univ., Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110009235","display_name":"David Monaghan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","display_name":"Dublin City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1a1e81","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154081","display_name":"Clarity Centre for Sensor Web Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/04m514a38","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154081"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David S. Monaghan","raw_affiliation_strings":["CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, Dublin City University, Ireland","CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technol., Dublin City Univ., Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, Dublin City University, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154081","https://openalex.org/I42934936"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technol., Dublin City Univ., Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106498523","display_name":"Noel E. O\u2019Connor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-9135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154081","display_name":"Clarity Centre for Sensor Web Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/04m514a38","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","display_name":"Dublin City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1a1e81","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noel E. O'Connor","raw_affiliation_strings":["CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, Dublin City University, Ireland","CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technol., Dublin City Univ., Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, Dublin City University, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154081","https://openalex.org/I42934936"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technol., Dublin City Univ., Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113480913"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154081","https://openalex.org/I42934936"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2712,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81499533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.7580039501190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7326303124427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6457626223564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head","display_name":"Head (geology)","score":0.617840051651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.5938977599143982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5719188451766968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.49070537090301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.4788517951965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4762856364250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nod","display_name":"Nod","score":0.4352143406867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shake","display_name":"Shake","score":0.43140077590942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4300929009914398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.1923595666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1313713788986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07885316014289856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.7580039501190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7326303124427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6457626223564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.617840051651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.5938977599143982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5719188451766968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.49070537090301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4788517951965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4762856364250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55851684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q518390","display_name":"Nod","level":3,"score":0.4352143406867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779053110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7462601","display_name":"Shake","level":2,"score":0.43140077590942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4300929009914398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.1923595666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1313713788986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07885316014289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wiamis.2013.6616148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wiamis.2013.6616148","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 14th International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (WIAMIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doras.dcu.ie:19586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doras.dcu.ie/19586/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401512","display_name":"Dublin City University Open Access Institutional Repository (Dublin City University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","host_organization_name":"Dublin City University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"  Wei, Haolin, Scanlon, Patricia, Li, Yingbo, Monaghan, David ORCID: 0000-0002-5169-9902 &lt;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-9902&gt; and O'Connor, Noel E. ORCID: 0000-0002-4033-9135 &lt;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-9135&gt;  (2013) Real-time head nod and shake detection for continuous human affect recognition.  In: Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (WIAMIS), 2013, 3-5 July 2013, Paris, France.      ","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321056","display_name":"Irish Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/051xex213"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1643185111","https://openalex.org/W1862680710","https://openalex.org/W1980693216","https://openalex.org/W1997313663","https://openalex.org/W2062614785","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2128635338","https://openalex.org/W2161782031","https://openalex.org/W2169965057","https://openalex.org/W4247709045","https://openalex.org/W6639171412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902873204","https://openalex.org/W2185750513","https://openalex.org/W2028966255","https://openalex.org/W2010878661","https://openalex.org/W3147379364","https://openalex.org/W2466763065","https://openalex.org/W2026258298","https://openalex.org/W3204639664","https://openalex.org/W2970836791","https://openalex.org/W1994032303"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"affect":[1],"recognition":[2],"is":[3,25,40],"the":[4,41,58,66,70,91,102,111],"field":[5],"of":[6,35,43,57],"study":[7],"associated":[8],"with":[9],"using":[10],"automatic":[11],"techniques":[12],"to":[13,53,82,104],"identify":[14],"human":[15,18,36],"emotion":[16],"or":[17],"affective":[19,23],"state.":[20],"A":[21,32],"person's":[22],"states":[24],"often":[26],"communicated":[27],"non-verbally":[28],"through":[29],"body":[30,37],"language.":[31],"large":[33],"part":[34],"language":[38],"communication":[39],"use":[42,49],"head":[44,51,63,67,71,85],"gestures.":[45,73],"Almost":[46],"all":[47],"cultures":[48],"subtle":[50],"movements":[52],"convey":[54],"meaning.":[55],"Two":[56],"most":[59],"common":[60],"and":[61,69,87,94,121],"distinct":[62],"gestures":[64],"are":[65,123],"nod":[68,86],"shake":[72],"In":[74],"this":[75],"paper":[76],"we":[77],"present":[78],"a":[79,105],"robust":[80],"system":[81,114],"automatically":[83],"detect":[84],"shakes.":[88],"We":[89],"employ":[90],"Microsoft":[92],"Kinect":[93],"utilise":[95],"discrete":[96],"Hidden":[97],"Markov":[98],"Models":[99],"(HMMs)":[100],"as":[101],"backbone":[103],"machine":[106],"learning":[107],"based":[108],"classifier":[109],"within":[110],"system.":[112],"The":[113],"achieves":[115],"86%":[116],"accuracy":[117],"on":[118],"test":[119],"datasets":[120],"results":[122],"provided.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
