{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125383678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wi.2007.35","title":"Layers and Hierarchies in Real Virtual Networks","display_name":"Layers and Hierarchies in Real Virtual Networks","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3125383678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wi.2007.35","mag":"3125383678"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wi.2007.35","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wi.2007.35","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI'07)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014660689","display_name":"Olga Goussevskaia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5676-4972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olga Goussevskaia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003406386","display_name":"Michael K\u00fchn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-1480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Kuhn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078339613","display_name":"Roger Wattenhofer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6339-3134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Wattenhofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014660689"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6331,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7285628,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"89","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7578001022338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6078222990036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6077979803085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5400034189224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5392893552780151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.49993348121643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4817500114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3375779390335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3304591774940491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30035707354545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1173354983329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09971794486045837}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7578001022338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6078222990036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6077979803085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5400034189224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5392893552780151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.49993348121643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4817500114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3375779390335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3304591774940491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30035707354545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1173354983329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09971794486045837}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wi.2007.35","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wi.2007.35","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI'07)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158057341","https://openalex.org/W390146837","https://openalex.org/W2070497706","https://openalex.org/W2162450625","https://openalex.org/W2164195254","https://openalex.org/W6684321845"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032233321","https://openalex.org/W3121970507","https://openalex.org/W2110028391","https://openalex.org/W54497855","https://openalex.org/W217960748","https://openalex.org/W3125814499","https://openalex.org/W2090827041","https://openalex.org/W2094012830","https://openalex.org/W187246281","https://openalex.org/W2079194830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"virtual":[1],"world":[2,96],"is":[3],"comprised":[4],"of":[5,15,47,55,75,102,120],"data":[6],"items":[7],"related":[8],"to":[9,39,53,129],"each":[10],"other":[11],"in":[12,72],"a":[13,126,131],"variety":[14],"contexts.":[16],"Often":[17],"such":[18,77],"relations":[19],"can":[20,111,122],"be":[21,112,123],"represented":[22],"as":[23,125],"graphs":[24,42],"that":[25,89],"evolve":[26],"over":[27],"time.":[28],"Examples":[29],"include":[30],"social":[31],"networks,":[32],"co-authorship":[33],"graphs,":[34,84],"and":[35,49,59,98,117],"the":[36,45,56,73,90],"world-wide-web.":[37],"Attempts":[38],"model":[40],"these":[41,70,103],"have":[43],"introduced":[44],"notions":[46],"hierarchies":[48,110],"layers,":[50],"which":[51],"correspond":[52],"taxonomies":[54],"underlying":[57],"objects,":[58],"reasons":[60],"for":[61,114],"object":[62],"relations,":[63],"respectively.":[64],"In":[65,105],"this":[66],"paper":[67],"we":[68,85,107],"explore":[69],"concepts":[71],"process":[74],"mining":[76],"naturallygrown":[78],"networks.":[79],"Based":[80],"on":[81],"two":[82],"sample":[83],"present":[86],"some":[87],"evidence":[88],"current":[91],"models":[92],"well":[93],"fit":[94],"real":[95],"networks":[97],"provide":[99],"concrete":[100],"applications":[101],"findings.":[104],"particular,":[106],"show":[108],"how":[109,118],"used":[113,124],"greedy":[115],"routing":[116],"separation":[119],"layers":[121],"preprocessing":[127],"step":[128],"implement":[130],"location":[132],"estimation":[133],"application.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}