{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407737403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whispers65427.2024.10876541","title":"Novel Means of Salt Concentration Prediction and Mapping on Metallic Surfaces Using Shortwave-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging","display_name":"Novel Means of Salt Concentration Prediction and Mapping on Metallic Surfaces Using Shortwave-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407737403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whispers65427.2024.10876541"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/whispers65427.2024.10876541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whispers65427.2024.10876541","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 14th Workshop on Hyperspectral Imaging and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053573119","display_name":"Aoife Keane","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aoife Keane","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Strathclyde,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Glasgow,U.K,G1 1XW"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Strathclyde,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Glasgow,U.K,G1 1XW","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085520340","display_name":"Antonio Di Buono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5406-9909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193541982","display_name":"National Nuclear Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/051n2dc24","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193541982"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Di Buono","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Nuclear Laboratory Ltd.,Cumbria,U.K.,CA14 3YQ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Nuclear Laboratory Ltd.,Cumbria,U.K.,CA14 3YQ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193541982"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010706425","display_name":"Neil Cockbain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193541982","display_name":"National Nuclear Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/051n2dc24","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193541982"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Cockbain","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Nuclear Laboratory Ltd.,Cumbria,U.K.,CA14 3YQ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Nuclear Laboratory Ltd.,Cumbria,U.K.,CA14 3YQ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193541982"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000767173","display_name":"Robert Bernard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102204","display_name":"Sellafield (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/018skgq22","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102204"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Bernard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sellafield Ltd.,Cumbria,U.K.,CA20 1PG"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sellafield Ltd.,Cumbria,U.K.,CA20 1PG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008647768","display_name":"Paul Murray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-9276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Murray","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Strathclyde,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Glasgow,U.K,G1 1XW"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Strathclyde,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Glasgow,U.K,G1 1XW","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043785449","display_name":"Jaime Zabalza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-1725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime Zabalza","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Strathclyde,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Glasgow,U.K,G1 1XW"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Strathclyde,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Glasgow,U.K,G1 1XW","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053573119"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24328667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9200999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9393322467803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortwave","display_name":"Shortwave","score":0.7173024415969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6391478776931763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.5934585332870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt","display_name":"Salt (chemistry)","score":0.45301583409309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.41537076234817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.4140665829181671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.41353845596313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3305199444293976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.25198209285736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.19512802362442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.12591129541397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11967512965202332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.08341372013092041}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9393322467803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776272892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7502249","display_name":"Shortwave","level":3,"score":0.7173024415969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6391478776931763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.5934585332870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776371256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12370","display_name":"Salt (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.45301583409309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.41537076234817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.4140665829181671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.41353845596313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3305199444293976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.25198209285736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19512802362442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.12591129541397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11967512965202332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.08341372013092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/whispers65427.2024.10876541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whispers65427.2024.10876541","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 14th Workshop on Hyperspectral Imaging and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F268249591","display_name":"Sellafield","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2404757046","https://openalex.org/W2044184146","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W2019190440","https://openalex.org/W3034864990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,198],"preliminary":[1],"work":[2,199],"shows":[3],"the":[4,28,79,96,99,121,134,153,157,174,178,196,214,224],"potential":[5,215],"application":[6],"of":[7,37,98,166,177,226,230],"hyperspectral":[8,76],"imaging":[9,189],"(HSI)":[10],"to":[11,41,57,125,151,172],"quantify":[12],"salt":[13,38,53,93,107,154,209,232],"concentrations":[14,36,61],"on":[15,21,27,95,144,156],"a":[16,75,105,126,139,183,205,220],"metallic":[17],"surface.":[18],"Salt":[19],"buildup":[20],"metals":[22],"can":[23,235],"accelerate":[24],"corrosion":[25,43],"processes":[26],"surface":[29,97,158,240],"-":[30,65,84],"in":[31,60,78,87,120,123,182],"particular,":[32],"pitting":[33],"corrosion.":[34],"Higher":[35],"are":[39,72,115,149,169],"linked":[40],"higher":[42],"rates.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46],"work,":[47],"magnesium":[48],"chloride":[49],"(MgCl<inf":[50],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[51,68,129,180],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</inf>)":[52],"solution":[54,207],"is":[55,102,192,200],"applied":[56],"aluminium":[58,100],"coupons":[59,71,101],"ranging":[62],"from":[63],"0":[64],"77.7":[66],"\u03bcg/cm<sup":[67],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>.":[69],"These":[70],"imaged":[73],"using":[74,104,133,138],"sensor":[77],"shortwave-infrared":[80],"(SWIR)":[81],"range":[82],"[900":[83],"2500":[85],"nm]":[86],"272":[88],"spectral":[89],"bands.":[90],"The":[91],"actual":[92],"concentration":[94,155,210,233],"measured":[103],"soluble":[106],"tester":[108],"(SST).":[109],"Spectral":[110],"angle":[111],"mapper":[112],"(SAM)":[113],"values":[114],"calculated":[116],"for":[117,208,216],"each":[118],"pixel":[119],"image":[122],"relation":[124],"reference":[127],"MgCl<inf":[128,179],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</inf>":[130,181],"spectrum":[131],"collected":[132],"same":[135],"system.":[136],"By":[137],"novel":[140],"thresholding":[141],"algorithm":[142],"based":[143],"these":[145],"SAM":[146],"values,":[147],"we":[148],"able":[150,171],"predict":[152],"with":[159,195,238],"our":[160],"model":[161],"achieving":[162],"an":[163,187,228],"R2":[164],"value":[165],"0.905.":[167],"We":[168],"also":[170],"visualise":[173],"spatial":[175],"distribution":[176],"way":[184],"that":[185],"outperforms":[186],"RGB":[188],"system":[190],"and":[191,212],"not":[193],"possible":[194],"SST.":[197],"beneficial":[201],"as":[202],"it":[203],"provides":[204],"non-contact":[206],"measurement":[211],"offers":[213],"many":[217],"measurements":[218],"across":[219],"large":[221],"surface,":[222],"reducing":[223],"risk":[225],"overlooking":[227],"area":[229],"high":[231],"which":[234],"be":[236],"associated":[237],"localised":[239],"measurements.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}