{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018216254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whispers.2011.6080929","title":"Detection of vehicles in shadow areas","display_name":"Detection of vehicles in shadow areas","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018216254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whispers.2011.6080929","mag":"2018216254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/whispers.2011.6080929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whispers.2011.6080929","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 3rd Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070306117","display_name":"Michal Shimoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5487-6137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802330208","display_name":"Statistics Belgium","ror":"https://ror.org/0246a9012","country_code":"BE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802330208","https://openalex.org/I4210095879"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Shimoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering (SIC-RMA), Signal and Image Centre, Brussels, Belgium","Signal and Image Centre, Dept. of Electrical Engineering (SIC-RMA), 1000 Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering (SIC-RMA), Signal and Image Centre, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal and Image Centre, Dept. of Electrical Engineering (SIC-RMA), 1000 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802330208"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004494204","display_name":"Gustav Tolt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291458624","display_name":"Swedish Defence Research Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/0470cgs30","country_code":"SE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Tolt","raw_affiliation_strings":["FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency, Linkoping, Sweden","FOI (Swedish Defence Research Agency), SE-581 11, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency, Linkoping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FOI (Swedish Defence Research Agency), SE-581 11, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038825428","display_name":"Christiaan Perneel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150517870","display_name":"Royal Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02vmnye06","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Perneel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium","Dept. of Mathematics, Royal Military Academy, 1000 Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mathematics, Royal Military Academy, 1000 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066797894","display_name":"J\u00f6rgen Ahlberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-5487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291458624","display_name":"Swedish Defence Research Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/0470cgs30","country_code":"SE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Ahlberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency, Linkoping, Sweden","FOI (Swedish Defence Research Agency), SE-581 11, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency, Linkoping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FOI (Swedish Defence Research Agency), SE-581 11, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2985,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91184573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.8713703751564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8275527358055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.768653392791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6972398161888123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6794230341911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6762709021568298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5344464182853699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5256615281105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.47686704993247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.44508737325668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.44093233346939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.41931819915771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36377227306365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.35156846046447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.234136700630188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.8713703751564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8275527358055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.768653392791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6972398161888123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6794230341911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6762709021568298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5344464182853699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5256615281105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.47686704993247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.44508737325668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.44093233346939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.41931819915771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36377227306365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35156846046447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.234136700630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/whispers.2011.6080929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whispers.2011.6080929","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 3rd Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968558840","https://openalex.org/W1996415471","https://openalex.org/W2021964110","https://openalex.org/W2024423687","https://openalex.org/W2053061300","https://openalex.org/W2081951241","https://openalex.org/W2092924074","https://openalex.org/W2109064591","https://openalex.org/W2117187825","https://openalex.org/W2119021454","https://openalex.org/W2132532785","https://openalex.org/W2149469620","https://openalex.org/W2161523895","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6642210018","https://openalex.org/W6683516926"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W2044184146","https://openalex.org/W4313014865","https://openalex.org/W2019190440","https://openalex.org/W2343470940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,81],"new":[4],"method":[5],"to":[6,38,79,83],"automatically":[7],"detect":[8],"occluded":[9],"vehicle":[10],"in":[11,46,61,66,88],"semi":[12,67],"or":[13],"deep":[14,47,69],"shadow":[15,48,70],"areas":[16],"using":[17],"combined":[18],"very":[19],"high":[20],"resolution":[21],"(VHR)":[22],"3D":[23],"LIDAR":[24,53],"and":[25,68],"hyperspectral":[26],"data.":[27],"The":[28,50,72],"proposed":[29],"shape/spectral":[30],"integration":[31],"(SSI)":[32],"decision":[33],"fusion":[34,51],"algorithm":[35,44],"was":[36,77],"shown":[37,78],"outperform":[39],"the":[40,62],"spectral":[41,57,85],"based":[42],"anomaly":[43],"mainly":[45],"areas.":[49,71],"of":[52,64,74],"DSM":[54],"data":[55,58],"with":[56],"is":[59],"useful":[60],"detection":[63,87],"vehicles":[65],"utility":[73],"shape":[75],"information":[76],"be":[80],"way":[82],"enhance":[84],"target":[86],"complex":[89],"urban":[90],"scene.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}