{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196160372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whc49131.2021.9517248","title":"A Magnetorheological Elastomer Device for Programmable Actuation and Sensing of Soft Haptic Experiences","display_name":"A Magnetorheological Elastomer Device for Programmable Actuation and Sensing of Soft Haptic Experiences","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196160372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whc49131.2021.9517248","mag":"3196160372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/whc49131.2021.9517248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whc49131.2021.9517248","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102972764","display_name":"Bingxu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6509-1383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bingxu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100676670","display_name":"Jaeyeon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4633-1641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaeyeon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078363658","display_name":"Gregory J. Gerling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3137-3822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory J. Gerling","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102972764"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1383,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44865664,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"349","last_page":"349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10690","display_name":"Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conformable-matrix","display_name":"Conformable matrix","score":0.7561312913894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.7182226181030273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetorheological-elastomer","display_name":"Magnetorheological elastomer","score":0.6651818156242371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.6492652893066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetorheological-fluid","display_name":"Magnetorheological fluid","score":0.6429504156112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-sensing","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","score":0.6275846362113953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastomer","display_name":"Elastomer","score":0.6112027168273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.5365747213363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5337413549423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tactile-sensor","display_name":"Tactile sensor","score":0.4817757308483124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics","display_name":"Soft robotics","score":0.4459607005119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4404163956642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4306830167770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neoprene","display_name":"Neoprene","score":0.4295368790626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4128859043121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3841199278831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3297678828239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.294796347618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25988417863845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.22486260533332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.19954338669776917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.11810347437858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.117931067943573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86072612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160239","display_name":"Conformable matrix","level":2,"score":0.7561312913894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.7182226181030273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778378731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17068091","display_name":"Magnetorheological elastomer","level":4,"score":0.6651818156242371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.6492652893066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108619579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902419","display_name":"Magnetorheological fluid","level":3,"score":0.6429504156112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206755178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131271","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","level":2,"score":0.6275846362113953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38052585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252266","display_name":"Elastomer","level":2,"score":0.6112027168273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.5365747213363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5337413549423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46722567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7674139","display_name":"Tactile sensor","level":3,"score":0.4817757308483124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151","display_name":"Soft robotics","level":3,"score":0.4459607005119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4404163956642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4306830167770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27618995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143937","display_name":"Neoprene","level":3,"score":0.4295368790626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4128859043121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3841199278831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3297678828239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.294796347618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25988417863845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.22486260533332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.19954338669776917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.11810347437858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.117931067943573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176933379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131877","display_name":"Natural rubber","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140096630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3423628","display_name":"Damper","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/whc49131.2021.9517248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whc49131.2021.9517248","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.unist.ac.kr:201301/54734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9517248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401118","display_name":"Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","host_organization_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"CONFERENCE"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953530054","https://openalex.org/W2937491694","https://openalex.org/W4308131477","https://openalex.org/W3037709338","https://openalex.org/W2558746723","https://openalex.org/W2163746826","https://openalex.org/W3153919089","https://openalex.org/W4322731033","https://openalex.org/W4283740974","https://openalex.org/W4385482464"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soft":[0],"and":[1,26,33,84],"conformable":[2],"haptics":[3],"devices":[4],"have":[5],"the":[6,24,61,65,71],"potential":[7],"to":[8,57,80,85],"dynamically":[9],"change":[10],"one\u2019s":[11],"percept":[12],"of":[13,29,36,44,52,67],"object":[14],"compliance.":[15],"With":[16],"this":[17,21],"problem":[18],"in":[19],"mind,":[20],"work":[22],"presents":[23],"design":[25],"initial":[27],"evaluation":[28],"a":[30,41,77,82],"soft":[31],"actuator":[32],"sensor,":[34],"built":[35],"magnetorheological":[37],"elastomers":[38],"(MREs)":[39],"with":[40],"programmable":[42,59],"stiffness":[43],"33":[45],"\u2013":[46,90],"57":[47],"kPa":[48],"at":[49],"magnetic":[50],"fields":[51],"0-5":[53],"mT.":[54],"In":[55],"addition":[56],"its":[58],"stiffness,":[60],"material\u2019s":[62],"flexibility":[63],"affords":[64],"generation":[66],"vibratory":[68],"feedback.":[69],"Furthermore,":[70],"device":[72],"can":[73],"be":[74],"used":[75],"as":[76],"capacitive":[78],"sensor":[79],"detect":[81],"contact":[83],"measure":[86],"forces":[87],"between":[88],"0.1":[89],"4.9":[91],"N.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
