{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1599561935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whc.2015.7177717","title":"Haptic keyclick feedback improves typing speed and reduces typing errors on a flat keyboard","display_name":"Haptic keyclick feedback improves typing speed and reduces typing errors on a flat keyboard","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1599561935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whc.2015.7177717","mag":"1599561935"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/whc.2015.7177717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whc.2015.7177717","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102797008","display_name":"Zhaoyuan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0862-3304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyuan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Comput. Interaction Group, Microsoft Res. Asia, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Comput. Interaction Group, Microsoft Res. Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018084938","display_name":"Darren Edge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darren Edge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Comput. Interaction Group, Microsoft Res. Asia, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Comput. Interaction Group, Microsoft Res. Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031744461","display_name":"Leah Findlater","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-4452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leah Findlater","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Studies, University of Maryland; College Park MD USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Studies, University of Maryland; College Park MD USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017494050","display_name":"Hong Z. Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0032-9554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Z. Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Comput. Interaction Group, Microsoft Res. Asia, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Comput. Interaction Group, Microsoft Res. Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102797008"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1577,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76462541,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"220","last_page":"227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.8510149121284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typing","display_name":"Typing","score":0.7922652959823608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7140772938728333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.38345301151275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3833349049091339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.358634889125824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.2765581011772156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.8510149121284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781209916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3215756","display_name":"Typing","level":2,"score":0.7922652959823608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7140772938728333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.38345301151275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3833349049091339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.358634889125824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.2765581011772156}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/whc.2015.7177717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/whc.2015.7177717","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W614233367","https://openalex.org/W1972648436","https://openalex.org/W1997840477","https://openalex.org/W2003785947","https://openalex.org/W2018295629","https://openalex.org/W2021407284","https://openalex.org/W2023770287","https://openalex.org/W2036027374","https://openalex.org/W2043160169","https://openalex.org/W2043553375","https://openalex.org/W2044402624","https://openalex.org/W2055344768","https://openalex.org/W2055801902","https://openalex.org/W2059913822","https://openalex.org/W2079778212","https://openalex.org/W2098318443","https://openalex.org/W2099287431","https://openalex.org/W2100299980","https://openalex.org/W2103751734","https://openalex.org/W2107460475","https://openalex.org/W2112756960","https://openalex.org/W2125904902","https://openalex.org/W2127486392","https://openalex.org/W2133119840","https://openalex.org/W2171622337","https://openalex.org/W2171706706","https://openalex.org/W4235090768","https://openalex.org/W6655737537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1891287906","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2058170566"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"present":[1],"study":[2],"used":[3],"a":[4,34,74,160,166,194],"flat":[5],"keyboard":[6],"without":[7,76],"moving":[8],"keys":[9,164],"and":[10,33,52,68,107,155,180],"enabled":[11],"with":[12,30],"haptic":[13,21,38,60,77,89,104,114,131,145,174,181],"keyclick":[14,22,39,96,105,132,137,175],"feedback":[15,23,40,61,97,112,115,133,138,146,176,182],"to":[16,73,113,119,144,162,177,184,191],"examine":[17],"the":[18,56,86,108,149,153,169,185,198],"effect":[19],"of":[20,47,59,88,110,158,197],"on":[24,139,165],"touch":[25],"typing":[26,43,48,50,53,66,70,124,186],"performance.":[27,125],"We":[28,79,91,126],"investigated,":[29],"well-controlled":[31],"stimuli":[32],"within-participant":[35],"design,":[36],"how":[37],"might":[41,151],"improve":[42],"performance":[44],"in":[45,123],"terms":[46],"speed,":[49],"efficiency":[51],"errors.":[54],"Of":[55],"three":[57],"kinds":[58],"we":[62],"tested,":[63],"all":[64,147],"increased":[65],"speed":[67],"decreased":[69],"errors":[71],"compared":[72],"condition":[75],"feedback.":[78,90],"did":[80],"not":[81,100,117],"find":[82],"significant":[83,121],"differences":[84],"among":[85],"types":[87],"also":[92,127],"found":[93],"that":[94,129,192],"auditory":[95,111,172],"alone":[98,188],"is":[99,189],"as":[101,103],"effective":[102],"feedback,":[106,179],"addition":[109],"does":[116],"lead":[118],"any":[120],"improvement":[122],"learned":[128],"global":[130],"simulated":[134],"through":[135],"local":[136],"each":[140],"key":[141],"(as":[142],"opposed":[143],"over":[148,193],"keyboard)":[150],"have":[152],"additional":[154],"unexpected":[156],"benefit":[157],"helping":[159],"typist":[161],"locate":[163],"keyboard.":[167,199],"Furthermore,":[168],"participants":[170],"preferred":[171,190],"or":[173],"no":[178],"restricted":[183],"finger":[187],"larger":[195],"area":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
