{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412482764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wfcs63373.2025.11077648","title":"Towards a Novel Gateway Selection Strategy for LoRaWAN Downlink Communications","display_name":"Towards a Novel Gateway Selection Strategy for LoRaWAN Downlink Communications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412482764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wfcs63373.2025.11077648"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wfcs63373.2025.11077648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wfcs63373.2025.11077648","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 21st International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072947195","display_name":"Mattia Pirri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0710-434X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mattia Pirri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Catania,Electronic and Computer Engineering,Department of Electrical,Catania,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania,Electronic and Computer Engineering,Department of Electrical,Catania,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066642658","display_name":"Luca Leonardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3631-7504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Leonardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Catania,Electronic and Computer Engineering,Department of Electrical,Catania,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania,Electronic and Computer Engineering,Department of Electrical,Catania,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012216263","display_name":"Lucia Lo Bello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0604-9783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucia Lo Bello","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Catania,Electronic and Computer Engineering,Department of Electrical,Catania,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania,Electronic and Computer Engineering,Department of Electrical,Catania,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007716908","display_name":"Gaetano Patti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9709-5717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaetano Patti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Catania,Electronic and Computer Engineering,Department of Electrical,Catania,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania,Electronic and Computer Engineering,Department of Electrical,Catania,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072947195"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6037,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70587906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7539712190628052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gateway","display_name":"Gateway (web page)","score":0.6931002140045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.686150312423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6775963306427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5343844890594482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-gateway","display_name":"Default gateway","score":0.41579368710517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3930787444114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14909952878952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12295076251029968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7539712190628052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777710495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5527195","display_name":"Gateway (web page)","level":2,"score":0.6931002140045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.686150312423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6775963306427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5343844890594482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.41579368710517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3930787444114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14909952878952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12295076251029968}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wfcs63373.2025.11077648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wfcs63373.2025.11077648","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 21st International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2243299349","https://openalex.org/W2825630662","https://openalex.org/W2914049166","https://openalex.org/W2960832153","https://openalex.org/W4313466931","https://openalex.org/W4322577731"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W4388081250","https://openalex.org/W1518499115","https://openalex.org/W2122599377","https://openalex.org/W2915304347","https://openalex.org/W2794872059","https://openalex.org/W3045301923","https://openalex.org/W1948512520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"a":[1,4,71,89,133,154],"LoRaWAN":[2,27],"network,":[3],"number":[5,73],"of":[6,70,74,115,132,186],"end-devices":[7,21],"communicate":[8],"with":[9,43],"one":[10],"or":[11],"more":[12],"gateways":[13,65],"that":[14,50,140,158,181],"forward":[15],"the":[16,20,23,31,34,38,44,51,60,64,67,84,101,104,113,119,127,130,147,172,183,187],"messages":[17],"exchanged":[18],"between":[19],"and":[22,169,171],"network":[24,35,203],"server.":[25],"The":[26],"downlink":[28,68,94,143,148,188],"transmissions,":[29],"i.e.,":[30],"ones":[32],"from":[33],"server":[36],"to":[37,41,145,196],"end-devices,":[39,75],"have":[40],"comply":[42],"strict":[45],"regional":[46],"duty":[47,79,105,174],"cycle":[48,80,106],"constraints":[49],"relevant":[52],"authorities":[53],"(e.g.,":[54],"ETSI":[55],"in":[56,121,201],"Europe)":[57],"impose":[58],"on":[59],"gateways.":[61],"However,":[62],"as":[63,92,98,100,167],"handle":[66],"traffic":[69,90,144],"large":[72],"they":[76],"reach":[77],"their":[78],"limits":[81],"faster":[82],"than":[83],"individual":[85],"end-devices.":[86],"This":[87,124],"determines":[88],"bottleneck,":[91],"no":[93],"transmissions":[95],"are":[96,179],"possible":[97],"long":[99],"gateway":[102,135],"exceeds":[103],"limits.":[107],"Ultimately,":[108],"this":[109],"situation":[110],"can":[111],"prevent":[112],"delivery":[114,150,190],"important":[116],"downlinks,":[117],"e.g.,":[118],"acknowledgments,":[120],"mission-critical":[122],"applications.":[123],"paper":[125],"explores":[126],"rationale":[128],"behind":[129],"introduction":[131],"novel":[134],"selection":[136],"strategy,":[137],"called":[138],"DL+,":[139],"dynamically":[141],"schedules":[142],"enhance":[146],"packet":[149,189],"ratio.":[151],"DL+":[152,194],"leverages":[153],"weighted":[155],"decision":[156],"metrics":[157],"takes":[159],"into":[160],"account":[161],"both":[162],"signal":[163],"quality":[164],"parameters,":[165],"such":[166],"RSSI":[168],"SNR,":[170],"available":[173],"cycle.":[175],"Preliminary":[176],"simulation":[177],"results":[178],"presented":[180],"demonstrate":[182],"significant":[184],"improvement":[185],"ratio":[191],"introduced":[192],"by":[193],"compared":[195],"existing":[197],"baseline":[198],"approaches,":[199],"especially":[200],"dense":[202],"scenarios.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-14T08:36:36.166977","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}