{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399207064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wfcs60972.2024.10540795","title":"On computing and real-time communication performance of containerized virtual PLCs","display_name":"On computing and real-time communication performance of containerized virtual PLCs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399207064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wfcs60972.2024.10540795"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wfcs60972.2024.10540795","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wfcs60972.2024.10540795","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 20th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092105093","display_name":"Massimiliano Gaffurini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1656-6824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Massimiliano Gaffurini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Brescia,Dept. of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brescia,Dept. of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056808745","display_name":"Paolo Bellagente","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3446-2604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Bellagente","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Brescia,Dept. of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brescia,Dept. of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066658663","display_name":"Alessandro Depari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9204-956X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Depari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Brescia,Dept. of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brescia,Dept. of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087795637","display_name":"Alessandra Flammini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2046-0720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Flammini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Brescia,Dept. of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brescia,Dept. of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010208553","display_name":"Dennis Brand\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1558-0581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Brand\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Brescia,Dept. of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brescia,Dept. of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007335960","display_name":"Stefano Rinaldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-1053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Rinaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Brescia,Dept. of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brescia,Dept. of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076825230","display_name":"Emiliano Sisinni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5012-443X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emiliano Sisinni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Brescia,Dept. of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brescia,Dept. of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017887033","display_name":"Paolo Ferrari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-4410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Ferrari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Brescia,Dept. of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brescia,Dept. of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092105093"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7227,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72625212,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.8058205842971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7436875104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6681560277938843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6502703428268433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6164572238922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmable-logic-controller","display_name":"Programmable logic controller","score":0.5948787927627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.5649917125701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada","display_name":"SCADA","score":0.5456063151359558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5442017912864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.4780300557613373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.442878395318985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4397130608558655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2675423324108124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.16023752093315125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15615469217300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09263566136360168}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.8058205842971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7436875104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6681560277938843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6502703428268433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6164572238922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37374048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188674","display_name":"Programmable logic controller","level":2,"score":0.5948787927627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.5649917125701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.5456063151359558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5442017912864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4780300557613373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.442878395318985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4397130608558655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2675423324108124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.16023752093315125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15615469217300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09263566136360168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wfcs60972.2024.10540795","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wfcs60972.2024.10540795","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 20th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unibs.it:11379/601205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11379/601205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400804","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2341523100","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2772864159","https://openalex.org/W2779209348","https://openalex.org/W2792724737","https://openalex.org/W2883908928","https://openalex.org/W2899321527","https://openalex.org/W3084301300","https://openalex.org/W3126172229","https://openalex.org/W3152632047","https://openalex.org/W3194828153","https://openalex.org/W4283757898","https://openalex.org/W4312280912","https://openalex.org/W4320482068","https://openalex.org/W4379619872","https://openalex.org/W4385975078","https://openalex.org/W4389980708","https://openalex.org/W4392188583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088620127","https://openalex.org/W2743348030","https://openalex.org/W2900408237","https://openalex.org/W1963799338","https://openalex.org/W2036412865","https://openalex.org/W2542775576","https://openalex.org/W2947629119","https://openalex.org/W2545334782","https://openalex.org/W2346893066","https://openalex.org/W2160597328"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Industry":[1],"4.0":[2],"has":[3],"led":[4],"to":[5,48,88,167],"a":[6,41,104,112,122],"significant":[7,148],"transformation":[8],"in":[9,44,131,142,152],"manufacturing":[10],"and":[11,18,54,66,84,94,115],"industrial":[12,82],"processes,":[13],"characterized":[14,161],"by":[15,25,162],"increased":[16],"connectivity":[17],"widespread":[19],"digitalization.":[20],"This":[21,56,101],"revolution":[22],"is":[23,68],"driven":[24],"the":[26,59,71,108,116,128,139],"convergence":[27],"of":[28,51,61,81,111],"IT":[29,99],"(Information":[30],"Technology)":[31,36],"paradigms":[32],"with":[33,98,165],"OT":[34],"(Operational":[35],"domains.":[37],"Virtualization":[38],"technology":[39],"plays":[40],"crucial":[42],"role":[43],"this":[45],"integration,":[46],"thanks":[47],"its":[49],"characteristics":[50],"agility,":[52],"scalability,":[53],"efficiency.":[55],"work":[57,102],"investigates":[58],"virtualization":[60],"Programmable":[62],"Logic":[63],"Controllers":[64],"(PLCs)":[65],"it":[67],"focused":[69],"on":[70,121],"need":[72],"for":[73,106],"evaluating":[74,107],"their":[75],"performance.":[76],"PLCs":[77,129,159],"are":[78,85,160],"essential":[79],"components":[80],"automation":[83],"being":[86],"virtualized":[87],"increase":[89],"flexibility,":[90],"reduce":[91],"hardware":[92],"dependencies,":[93],"enable":[95],"seamless":[96],"integration":[97],"infrastructures.":[100],"proposes":[103],"methodology":[105],"execution":[109],"time":[110],"benchmark":[113],"program":[114],"PLC":[117],"real-time":[118,153],"behavior.":[119],"Experiments":[120],"real":[123,140,168],"use":[124],"case":[125],"demonstrate":[126],"that":[127],"implemented":[130],"containers":[132],"may":[133],"be":[134],"50":[135],"times":[136],"faster":[137],"than":[138],"ones":[141],"executing":[143],"data":[144],"elaboration,":[145],"while":[146],"no":[147],"differences":[149],"were":[150],"observed":[151],"communication.":[154],"In":[155],"any":[156],"case,":[157],"virtual":[158],"greater":[163],"jitter":[164],"respect":[166],"PLCs.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2024-06-01T00:00:00"}
