{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417132527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot64238.2025.11270764","title":"Sparse-FF: Enhancing Forward-Forward Efficiency by Promoting Sparsity","display_name":"Sparse-FF: Enhancing Forward-Forward Efficiency by Promoting Sparsity","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417132527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot64238.2025.11270764"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wf-iot64238.2025.11270764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot64238.2025.11270764","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 11th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012715665","display_name":"Fabrizio De Vita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6709-8001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112862951","display_name":"University of Messina","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctdxz19","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio De Vita","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Messina,Department of Engineering,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Messina,Department of Engineering,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105015770","display_name":"Enrico Catalfamo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112862951","display_name":"University of Messina","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctdxz19","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Catalfamo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Messina,Department of Engineering,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Messina,Department of Engineering,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092836014","display_name":"Rawan M. A. Nawaiseh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112862951","display_name":"University of Messina","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctdxz19","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rawan M. A. Nawaiseh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Messina,Department of Engineering,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Messina,Department of Engineering,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043595191","display_name":"Dario Bruneo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-9077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112862951","display_name":"University of Messina","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctdxz19","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario Bruneo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Messina,Department of Engineering,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Messina,Department of Engineering,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012715665"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21779968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.27300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.27300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.1265999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.10949999839067459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.8511999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.603600025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.48350000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.46380001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fraction","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-learning","display_name":"Adaptive learning","score":0.37139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.8511999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.603600025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5934000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.48350000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.46380001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125014702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680749","display_name":"Adaptive learning","level":2,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206688291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617819","display_name":"Stochastic gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wf-iot64238.2025.11270764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot64238.2025.11270764","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 11th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042492924","https://openalex.org/W4213348099","https://openalex.org/W4291972732","https://openalex.org/W4312399099","https://openalex.org/W4372260014","https://openalex.org/W4376613177","https://openalex.org/W4385626286"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On-device":[0],"learning":[1,20,175],"is":[2],"becoming":[3],"increasingly":[4],"important":[5],"for":[6,102,172],"enabling":[7],"adaptive":[8],"and":[9,29,63,104,111,134,150,164],"privacy-preserving":[10],"AI":[11],"directly":[12],"on":[13,23,142],"resource-constrained":[14],"edge":[15,174],"devices.":[16],"However,":[17],"traditional":[18],"deep":[19],"approaches":[21],"based":[22],"backpropagation":[24],"(BP)":[25],"remain":[26],"computationally":[27],"expensive":[28],"memory-intensive,":[30],"making":[31,167],"them":[32],"impractical":[33],"in":[34],"such":[35],"environments.":[36],"To":[37],"address":[38],"these":[39],"limitations,":[40],"the":[41,52,76,143],"Forward-Forward":[42],"(FF)":[43],"algorithm":[44,78],"has":[45],"been":[46],"proposed":[47],"as":[48],"an":[49],"alternative,":[50],"replacing":[51],"backward":[53],"pass":[54],"with":[55],"two":[56],"forward":[57],"passes":[58],"to":[59,85,131,146],"reduce":[60],"memory":[61,112],"overhead":[62],"computational":[64,110,125],"complexity.":[65],"In":[66,136],"this":[67],"paper,":[68],"we":[69,138],"introduce":[70],"Sparse-FF,":[71],"a":[72,81,88,98,120,159,169],"novel":[73],"variation":[74],"of":[75,90,100,123],"FF":[77],"that":[79,156],"incorporates":[80],"stochastic":[82],"selection":[83],"mechanism":[84],"update":[86],"only":[87],"subset":[89],"weights":[91],"per":[92],"training":[93,151],"step.":[94],"By":[95],"dynamically":[96],"selecting":[97],"fraction":[99],"neurons":[101],"activation":[103],"weight":[105],"updates,":[106],"Sparse-FF":[107,157],"significantly":[108],"reduces":[109],"requirements":[113],"while":[114],"maintaining":[115],"competitive":[116],"performance.":[117],"We":[118],"provide":[119],"formal":[121],"analysis":[122],"its":[124,128,148],"complexity,":[126],"demonstrating":[127],"efficiency":[129,163],"compared":[130],"both":[132],"BP":[133],"FF.":[135],"addition,":[137],"conducted":[139],"extensive":[140],"experiments":[141],"MNIST":[144],"dataset":[145],"evaluate":[147],"accuracy":[149],"speed.":[152],"Our":[153],"results":[154],"show":[155],"achieves":[158],"favorable":[160],"balance":[161],"between":[162],"model":[165],"performance,":[166],"it":[168],"promising":[170],"alternative":[171],"real-time":[173],"applications":[176],"where":[177],"resources":[178],"are":[179],"limited.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00"}
