{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417131245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot64238.2025.11270556","title":"A Blockchain and Game Theory-based Challenge Verification Model","display_name":"A Blockchain and Game Theory-based Challenge Verification Model","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417131245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot64238.2025.11270556"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wf-iot64238.2025.11270556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot64238.2025.11270556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 11th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111562616","display_name":"Yan Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yinyu Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,StateKey Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,StateKey Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100606174","display_name":"Cui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-7810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,StateKey Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,StateKey Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374110","display_name":"Chen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3132-2681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,StateKey Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,StateKey Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069518063","display_name":"Qiuyan Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-6070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuyan Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,StateKey Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,StateKey Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115592006","display_name":"Hui Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,StateKey Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,StateKey Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100640089","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4335-3546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,StateKey Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,StateKey Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111562616"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38395689,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.6092000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.6092000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.2904999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.017000000923871994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.8409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.7026000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6912000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5716999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trading-strategy","display_name":"Trading strategy","score":0.3343000113964081}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.8409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7228000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.7026000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6912000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5716999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4343999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.39910000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131562839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574928","display_name":"Trading strategy","level":2,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wf-iot64238.2025.11270556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot64238.2025.11270556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 11th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003594639","https://openalex.org/W3175694419","https://openalex.org/W4220771033","https://openalex.org/W4283449883","https://openalex.org/W4283709045","https://openalex.org/W4290998493","https://openalex.org/W4312563972","https://openalex.org/W4383988864","https://openalex.org/W4403722625","https://openalex.org/W4405490130","https://openalex.org/W4405907775","https://openalex.org/W4407361674","https://openalex.org/W4407736601","https://openalex.org/W4408701640","https://openalex.org/W4408897286","https://openalex.org/W4408898571"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Renewable":[0],"energy,":[1],"serving":[2],"as":[3],"the":[4,19,114,128,161,167,180],"primary":[5],"power":[6],"supply":[7],"in":[8,49,75],"microgrids,":[9],"is":[10],"characterized":[11],"by":[12,46,67,133],"instability":[13],"and":[14,78,103,150,165,182],"significant":[15],"volatility,":[16],"substantially":[17],"increasing":[18],"frequency":[20],"of":[21,39,86,109,116,130,169,184],"electricity":[22],"trading":[23,53,93,172,185],"activities.":[24],"Traditional":[25],"methods":[26],"are":[27,64],"inadequate":[28],"for":[29,56],"managing":[30],"such":[31],"high-frequency":[32],"transactions;":[33],"however,":[34],"reinforcement":[35,61],"learning":[36,62],"(RL),":[37],"capable":[38],"predictive":[40],"modeling,":[41],"offers":[42],"a":[43,157],"viable":[44],"solution":[45],"training":[47],"models":[48,173],"advance":[50],"to":[51,96,106,126,163],"generate":[52],"strategies":[54,63,94,118,131],"suitable":[55],"frequent":[57],"inter-user":[58],"transactions.":[59],"Nevertheless,":[60],"predominantly":[65],"generated":[66,92,171],"centralized":[68],"entities":[69],"with":[70],"substantial":[71],"computational":[72,134,176],"resources,":[73],"resulting":[74],"insufficient":[76],"transparency":[77,102,181],"potentially":[79],"compromising":[80],"user":[81],"interests.":[82],"The":[83,153],"decentralized":[84],"nature":[85],"blockchain":[87,149,162],"technology":[88],"can":[89],"make":[90],"these":[91],"accessible":[95],"all":[97,110],"on-chain":[98,123],"users,":[99],"thus":[100],"ensuring":[101],"users\u2019":[104],"rights":[105],"be":[107],"informed":[108],"transaction":[111],"strategies.":[112,186],"However,":[113],"generation":[115],"RL":[117],"still":[119],"occurs":[120],"off-chain,":[121],"leaving":[122],"users":[124],"unable":[125],"verify":[127,166],"optimality":[129,168],"uploaded":[132],"entities.":[135],"To":[136],"address":[137],"this":[138,140],"issue,":[139],"paper":[141],"proposes":[142],"Challenge":[143],"Verification":[144],"Model":[145],"(CVM)":[146],"based":[147],"on":[148],"game":[151],"theory.":[152],"proposed":[154],"approach":[155],"incorporates":[156],"game-theoretic":[158],"mechanism":[159],"onto":[160],"challenge":[164],"off-chain":[170],"from":[174],"various":[175],"entities,":[177],"thereby":[178],"enhancing":[179],"fairness":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00"}
