{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405908665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot62078.2024.10811160","title":"Smart Hydroponic Greenhouse: Reduce Human Intervention and Control Lighting Using PID","display_name":"Smart Hydroponic Greenhouse: Reduce Human Intervention and Control Lighting Using PID","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405908665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot62078.2024.10811160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wf-iot62078.2024.10811160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot62078.2024.10811160","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 10th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094582980","display_name":"Cristian Bua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2300-0257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristian Bua","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Dept. of Information Engineering, Via G. Caruso 16,Pisa,Italy,56122"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Dept. of Information Engineering, Via G. Caruso 16,Pisa,Italy,56122","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007526433","display_name":"Davide Adami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3007-1400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Adami","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,CNIT,Dept. of Information Engineering, Via G. Caruso 16,Pisa,Italy,56122"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,CNIT,Dept. of Information Engineering, Via G. Caruso 16,Pisa,Italy,56122","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021026284","display_name":"Stefano Giordano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-7528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Giordano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Dept. of Information Engineering, Via G. Caruso 16,Pisa,Italy,56122"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Dept. of Information Engineering, Via G. Caruso 16,Pisa,Italy,56122","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13391","display_name":"Innovations in Aquaponics and Hydroponics Systems","score":0.8055999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13391","display_name":"Innovations in Aquaponics and Hydroponics Systems","score":0.8055999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12093","display_name":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","score":0.7319999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12899","display_name":"Engineering and Technology Innovations","score":0.7091000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse","display_name":"Greenhouse","score":0.8299711346626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.6637023687362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5163903832435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4439445734024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.40796855092048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3783790171146393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.33675163984298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.26131218671798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2520369291305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.2314002513885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13143688440322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horticulture","display_name":"Horticulture","score":0.10157996416091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.06555140018463135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32198211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165044","display_name":"Greenhouse","level":2,"score":0.8299711346626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.6637023687362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5163903832435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4439445734024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40796855092048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3783790171146393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.33675163984298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.26131218671798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2520369291305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.2314002513885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13143688440322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.10157996416091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06555140018463135}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wf-iot62078.2024.10811160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot62078.2024.10811160","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 10th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2900542032","https://openalex.org/W2923934659","https://openalex.org/W3011871391","https://openalex.org/W3142759489","https://openalex.org/W3155011490","https://openalex.org/W4213175707","https://openalex.org/W4307855360","https://openalex.org/W4311737306","https://openalex.org/W4312059337","https://openalex.org/W4312398984","https://openalex.org/W4319597853","https://openalex.org/W4362498956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002388147","https://openalex.org/W3098928304","https://openalex.org/W234340964","https://openalex.org/W2394883510","https://openalex.org/W4206419925","https://openalex.org/W2901944323","https://openalex.org/W1596354123","https://openalex.org/W4379177019","https://openalex.org/W4242556379","https://openalex.org/W3018564381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,108,134],"the":[1,35,68,78,147,161,170,177,196,247],"agricultural":[2],"sector,":[3],"climate":[4],"change":[5],"with":[6,62,224],"water":[7],"bombs":[8],"and":[9,26,33,39,50,54,76,113,124,138,145,156,176,189,212,242,251],"drought":[10],"periods":[11],"leads":[12],"us":[13],"to":[14,27,87,100,126,143,180,195,238],"search":[15],"solutions":[16],"in":[17,44,130,152,160],"terms":[18],"of":[19,22,37,70,149,163,172,249],"efficient":[20],"use":[21],"resources,":[23],"especially":[24],"water,":[25],"create":[28],"weather":[29],"independent":[30],"systems.":[31],"Monitoring":[32],"controlling":[34],"growth":[36,241],"plants":[38,129],"environmental":[40,121],"parameters":[41,122,191],"are":[42,192],"essential":[43],"Smart":[45],"Agriculture":[46],"for":[47,104],"making":[48],"farms":[49],"greenhouses":[51],"more":[52],"intelligent":[53],"efficient.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57],"proposes":[58],"a":[59,63,115,140,157,199,207,217,225],"new":[60,71,89],"demonstrator":[61,219,234],"modular":[64],"architecture,":[65],"which":[66,119,182],"allows":[67,125],"creation":[69],"services":[72,103],"without":[73],"starting":[74],"over":[75],"redesigning":[77],"entire":[79],"system":[80,190,204],"from":[81],"scratch":[82],"whenever":[83],"it":[84],"is":[85,184],"necessary":[86],"add":[88],"devices":[90],"or":[91],"functionalities":[92],"such":[93],"as":[94,216],"closed":[95],"control":[96,144],"loops,":[97],"considering":[98],"options":[99],"potentially":[101],"increase":[102],"precision":[105],"agriculture":[106],"rapidly.":[107],"this":[109,229],"paper,":[110],"we":[111,136],"design":[112,137],"implement":[114],"smart":[116,250],"hydroponic":[117],"greenhouse,":[118],"keeps":[120],"stable":[123],"grow":[127],"tomato":[128],"an":[131],"ideal":[132],"environment.":[133],"addition,":[135],"optimize":[139,239],"PID":[141,174],"algorithm":[142,183],"stabilize":[146],"intensity":[148],"visible":[150],"light":[151],"cultivation":[153],"using":[154],"lamps":[155],"spectrometer,":[158],"even":[159],"absence":[162],"sufficient":[164],"natural":[165],"illumination.":[166],"We":[167],"also":[168],"compare":[169],"responsiveness":[171],"our":[173],"controller":[175],"threshold":[178],"comparator":[179],"understand":[181],"better.":[185],"All":[186],"monitoring":[187],"data":[188],"made":[193],"available":[194],"end-users":[197],"through":[198],"smartphone":[200],"app.":[201],"Our":[202],"proposed":[203],"may":[205,235],"represent":[206],"step":[208],"forward":[209],"towards":[210],"sustainable":[211],"precise":[213,252],"agriculture,":[214],"serving":[215],"practical":[218],"that":[220],"could":[221],"provide":[222],"farmers":[223,237],"key":[226],"tool":[227],"during":[228],"crucial":[230],"digital":[231],"transition.":[232],"The":[233],"enable":[236],"crop":[240],"resource":[243],"management,":[244],"thereby":[245],"showcasing":[246],"benefits":[248],"agriculture.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}