{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2001581725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot.2014.6803184","title":"A modular framework for cost optimization in smart grid","display_name":"A modular framework for cost optimization in smart grid","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2001581725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot.2014.6803184","mag":"2001581725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wf-iot.2014.6803184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot.2014.6803184","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049680175","display_name":"Muhammad Raisul Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5213-636X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Raisul Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025985903","display_name":"Marc St\u2010Hilaire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-0855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc St-Hilaire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083570181","display_name":"Thomas Kunz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-778X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Kunz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4259,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67209153,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.7838723063468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.7746677994728088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7550370693206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6800190806388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5542789101600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.5506170392036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4785100519657135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.4607120454311371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.44294214248657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4395502209663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4297717213630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.41196727752685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3759024441242218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.3221329152584076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.28223156929016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.20451483130455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.2017434537410736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16199758648872375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11799725890159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10320219397544861}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7838723063468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.7746677994728088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7550370693206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6800190806388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5542789101600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.5506170392036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4785100519657135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4607120454311371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.44294214248657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4395502209663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4297717213630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.41196727752685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3759024441242218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.3221329152584076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28223156929016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.20451483130455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.2017434537410736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16199758648872375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11799725890159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10320219397544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wf-iot.2014.6803184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot.2014.6803184","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509969853","https://openalex.org/W1968167335","https://openalex.org/W1969192618","https://openalex.org/W1984560471","https://openalex.org/W2016757961","https://openalex.org/W2029996148","https://openalex.org/W2052719642","https://openalex.org/W2069372334","https://openalex.org/W2092368362","https://openalex.org/W2103247872","https://openalex.org/W2118972143","https://openalex.org/W2167943578","https://openalex.org/W2168991848","https://openalex.org/W6630413558","https://openalex.org/W6673542739"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589973774","https://openalex.org/W2171108821","https://openalex.org/W2353074559","https://openalex.org/W2074513827","https://openalex.org/W1498762745","https://openalex.org/W2402141875","https://openalex.org/W148990555","https://openalex.org/W2023642087","https://openalex.org/W2593427583","https://openalex.org/W2136076430"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,31,67],"smart":[1,25],"power":[2,14,116],"grid":[3,8,26],"transforms":[4,146],"the":[5,19,24,28,44,72,83,89,102,127,139,142,147],"traditional":[6],"electric":[7],"into":[9,151],"a":[10,93,106,133,152,167],"user":[11,68],"centric,":[12],"intelligent":[13],"network.":[15],"This":[16,130],"paper":[17,131],"addresses":[18],"cost":[20,134],"optimization":[21,135,163],"problem":[22],"in":[23,59,76,88],"from":[27],"users'":[29],"perspective.":[30],"home":[32],"owner":[33],"can":[34,69,158],"install":[35],"diverse":[36],"energy":[37,48,55,60,77,84,113],"generators":[38],"and":[39,86,115,170],"storage":[40],"devices":[41],"to":[42,63,74,125],"reduce":[43],"dependency":[45],"on":[46],"external":[47],"sources.":[49],"The":[50,79,99,144],"widespread":[51],"utilization":[52],"of":[53,111],"green":[54],"sources":[56],"creates":[57],"uncertainty":[58],"generation":[61,87,117],"due":[62],"their":[64],"unpredictable":[65],"nature.":[66],"collaborate":[70],"with":[71],"neighbors":[73],"participate":[75],"trading.":[78],"utility":[80],"indirectly":[81],"controls":[82],"consumption":[85,114],"system":[90,109],"by":[91],"utilizing":[92],"demand-oriented":[94],"time":[95],"varying":[96],"price":[97],"signal.":[98],"relationships":[100],"between":[101,141],"participating":[103,128],"components":[104],"represent":[105],"complex":[107,148],"unified":[108,149],"because":[110],"uncertain":[112],"disruption.":[118],"Computational":[119],"intelligence":[120],"plays":[121],"an":[122],"essential":[123],"role":[124],"coordinate":[126],"components.":[129,143],"proposes":[132],"framework":[136,145],"that":[137],"breaks":[138],"dependencies":[140],"model":[150],"simpler":[153],"modular":[154],"framework.":[155],"Each":[156],"module":[157],"be":[159],"solved":[160],"using":[161],"different":[162],"approach":[164],"which":[165],"implies":[166],"simple,":[168],"flexible":[169],"traceable":[171],"strategy":[172],"for":[173],"practical":[174],"implementation.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
