{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117327218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wd67713.2025.11302581","title":"O-RAN Testbeds: From Experimental Deployments to Simulation Frameworks","display_name":"O-RAN Testbeds: From Experimental Deployments to Simulation Frameworks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117327218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wd67713.2025.11302581"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wd67713.2025.11302581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wd67713.2025.11302581","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 13th Wireless Days Conference (WD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035346870","display_name":"Juan Carlos Navarro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7692-4248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180910786","display_name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica de Uruguay","ror":"https://ror.org/030bbe882","country_code":"UY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}],"countries":["UY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Navarro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de la Rep&#x00FA;blica,Facultad de Ingenier&#x00ED;a,Montevideo,Uruguay"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de la Rep&#x00FA;blica,Facultad de Ingenier&#x00ED;a,Montevideo,Uruguay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121356607","display_name":"Alberto Castro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180910786","display_name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica de Uruguay","ror":"https://ror.org/030bbe882","country_code":"UY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}],"countries":["UY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Castro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de la Rep&#x00FA;blica,Facultad de Ingenier&#x00ED;a,Montevideo,Uruguay"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de la Rep&#x00FA;blica,Facultad de Ingenier&#x00ED;a,Montevideo,Uruguay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121329568","display_name":"Claudina Rattaro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180910786","display_name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica de Uruguay","ror":"https://ror.org/030bbe882","country_code":"UY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}],"countries":["UY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudina Rattaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de la Rep&#x00FA;blica,Facultad de Ingenier&#x00ED;a,Montevideo,Uruguay"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de la Rep&#x00FA;blica,Facultad de Ingenier&#x00ED;a,Montevideo,Uruguay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0464,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85024636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.5486999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.5486999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.12939999997615814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.033900000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.8299000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5852000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.558899998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-research","display_name":"Open research","score":0.5356000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.4837000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-standard","display_name":"Open standard","score":0.37139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.8299000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6450999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5852000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.558899998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.5356000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.49939998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.4837000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67936045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q681263","display_name":"Open standard","level":3,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85890633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929673","display_name":"Capability Maturity Model","level":3,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507571656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848436","display_name":"Home automation","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123326733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318309","display_name":"Open architecture","level":3,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53619493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4787093","display_name":"Architecture framework","level":3,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101433766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3543263","display_name":"Maturity (psychological)","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wd67713.2025.11302581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wd67713.2025.11302581","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 13th Wireless Days Conference (WD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6973310112953186}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2613625031","https://openalex.org/W2945712931","https://openalex.org/W3215827683","https://openalex.org/W4285243919","https://openalex.org/W4317796310","https://openalex.org/W4365790147","https://openalex.org/W4381187802","https://openalex.org/W4386534863","https://openalex.org/W4386970492","https://openalex.org/W4387212365","https://openalex.org/W4387212385","https://openalex.org/W4387415043","https://openalex.org/W4391929662","https://openalex.org/W4399121355","https://openalex.org/W4401538741"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Open":[0],"Radio":[1],"Access":[2],"Network":[3],"(O-RAN)":[4],"has":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7],"a":[8,67],"disruptive":[9],"paradigm":[10],"for":[11],"mobile":[12],"networks,":[13],"aiming":[14],"to":[15,42,79],"disaggregate":[16],"traditional":[17],"RAN":[18,176,204],"functions":[19],"into":[20],"software-based":[21],"components":[22],"connected":[23],"via":[24],"open,":[25],"interoperable":[26],"interfaces.":[27,99],"By":[28],"enabling":[29],"multi-vendor":[30],"integration,":[31],"programmability":[32],"through":[33],"rApps":[34],"and":[35,37,47,54,59,69,97,106,117,123,133,145,160,168,189,196,202],"xApps,":[36],"cloud-native":[38],"deployments,":[39],"O-RAN":[40,73,135,149,194],"promises":[41],"foster":[43],"innovation,":[44],"cost":[45],"efficiency,":[46],"operational":[48],"flexibility.":[49],"However,":[50],"validating":[51],"its":[52,92],"feasibility":[53],"performance":[55],"requires":[56],"realistic":[57],"experimentation":[58],"the":[60,86,110,129,169,174,198],"use":[61],"of":[62,72,89,171,200],"testbeds.":[63],"This":[64],"paper":[65],"provides":[66],"review":[68],"practical":[70],"evaluation":[71],"testbeds,":[74],"ranging":[75],"from":[76],"experimental":[77],"deployments":[78],"fully":[80],"simulated":[81],"frameworks.":[82],"We":[83],"first":[84],"introduce":[85],"architectural":[87],"principles":[88],"O-RAN,":[90],"highlighting":[91],"key":[93],"components,":[94],"functional":[95],"splits,":[96],"open":[98,182,201],"Next,":[100],"we":[101,121],"survey":[102],"relevant":[103],"research":[104],"testbeds":[105,195],"prototypes":[107],"reported":[108],"in":[109,173,191],"literature,":[111],"analyzing":[112],"their":[113],"architectures,":[114],"design":[115],"choices,":[116],"lessons":[118],"learned.":[119],"Finally,":[120],"reproduce":[122],"assess":[124],"four":[125],"representative":[126],"implementations,":[127],"including":[128],"NIST":[130],"automation":[131,156],"framework":[132],"ns-3\u2013based":[134],"simulators.":[136],"A":[137],"comparative":[138],"analysis":[139],"is":[140],"presented,":[141],"discussing":[142],"advantages,":[143],"limitations,":[144],"alignment":[146],"with":[147],"evolving":[148],"standards.":[150],"Our":[151],"findings":[152],"indicate":[153],"that":[154],"while":[155],"frameworks":[157,162],"simplify":[158],"reproducibility":[159],"simulation":[161],"enable":[163],"flexible":[164],"experimentation,":[165],"interoperability":[166],"issues":[167],"lack":[170],"maturity":[172],"Non-Real-Time":[175],"Intelligent":[177],"Controller":[178],"(Non-RT":[179],"RIC)":[180],"remain":[181],"challenges.":[183],"These":[184],"insights":[185],"can":[186],"guide":[187],"researchers":[188],"operators":[190],"designing":[192],"future":[193],"accelerating":[197],"adoption":[199],"smart":[203],"solutions.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-12-26T00:00:00"}
