{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391496420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp58612.2023.10404954","title":"A Novel Unsupervised Learning Network for Direction-of-Arrival Estimation in Internet of Things Scenarios","display_name":"A Novel Unsupervised Learning Network for Direction-of-Arrival Estimation in Internet of Things Scenarios","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391496420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp58612.2023.10404954"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcsp58612.2023.10404954","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp58612.2023.10404954","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032224075","display_name":"Zhiwei Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2284-3323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology,Beijing","Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology,Beijing","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018115197","display_name":"Ming Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1647-1769"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology,Beijing","Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology,Beijing","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032224075"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1339,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48684027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"466","last_page":"470"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8477964401245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.667026698589325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.6020474433898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5490867495536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5466188192367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5083824992179871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.483650803565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.44901108741760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.44556745886802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.44445478916168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.42845430970191956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41855230927467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.4146530032157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3991459012031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38121461868286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1491306722164154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1259320080280304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1081678569316864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8477964401245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.667026698589325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.6020474433898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5490867495536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5466188192367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5083824992179871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.483650803565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.44901108741760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.44556745886802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.44445478916168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.42845430970191956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41855230927467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.4146530032157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3991459012031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38121461868286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1491306722164154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1259320080280304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1081678569316864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcsp58612.2023.10404954","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp58612.2023.10404954","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1952629836","https://openalex.org/W2066218102","https://openalex.org/W2103519107","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2127617367","https://openalex.org/W2128131274","https://openalex.org/W2130342534","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2294649896","https://openalex.org/W2897361856","https://openalex.org/W3104690928","https://openalex.org/W3164794849","https://openalex.org/W3179408604","https://openalex.org/W4388405292"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3203142394","https://openalex.org/W2161474341","https://openalex.org/W4302615923","https://openalex.org/W1974101135","https://openalex.org/W2351061015","https://openalex.org/W2017509870","https://openalex.org/W4220731478","https://openalex.org/W2542937328","https://openalex.org/W4251141768","https://openalex.org/W4360952157"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unsupervised":[0],"learning":[1,17,31],"is":[2,52,68],"an":[3],"emerging":[4],"technique":[5],"in":[6,41,62,138,161],"the":[7,35,45,55,103,112,116,121,126,130,139,144,147,152,155],"field":[8],"of":[9,37,47,57,105,115,123,129,146,154,163],"signal":[10],"processing":[11],"that":[12],"allows":[13],"for":[14,44],"autonomous":[15],"feature":[16,75,82,96],"without":[18],"reliance":[19],"on":[20,53,70,125],"annotated":[21],"data.":[22],"In":[23,118],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"we":[26,109,132],"propose":[27],"a":[28,71,80,134],"novel":[29,135],"unsupervised":[30],"network":[32,67],"to":[33,85,98],"address":[34],"challenges":[36],"Direction-of-Arrival":[38],"(DoA)":[39],"estimation":[40,60,113,127,165],"indoor":[42],"localization":[43],"Internet":[46],"Things":[48],"(IoT).":[49],"Our":[50],"focus":[51],"resolving":[54],"issue":[56],"inadequate":[58],"DoA":[59,164],"performance":[61,114,128,145],"complex":[63],"scenarios.":[64],"The":[65],"proposed":[66,156],"based":[69],"multilayer":[72],"and":[73,89,92,107],"multi-path":[74,95],"extraction":[76,83,97],"approach.":[77],"We":[78],"employ":[79],"multi-layer":[81,106],"approach":[84],"separately":[86],"extract":[87,99],"general":[88],"specialized":[90],"features,":[91],"then":[93],"implement":[94],"different":[100],"parameters.":[101],"Through":[102],"design":[104],"multi-path,":[108],"can":[110],"improve":[111],"network.":[117,148],"addition,":[119],"considering":[120],"impact":[122],"noise":[124],"network,":[131],"devise":[133],"decoding":[136],"scheme":[137],"decoder":[140],"module,":[141],"further":[142],"enhancing":[143],"Simulation":[149],"results":[150],"demonstrate":[151],"superiority":[153],"method":[157],"over":[158],"existing":[159],"approaches":[160],"terms":[162],"performance.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}