{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200063880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp52459.2021.9613225","title":"2D-DOA Estimation Using L-shaped Distributed Augmented Nested Array","display_name":"2D-DOA Estimation Using L-shaped Distributed Augmented Nested Array","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200063880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp52459.2021.9613225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcsp52459.2021.9613225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp52459.2021.9613225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607893","display_name":"2021 13th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 13th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032641322","display_name":"Yanping Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-440X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanping Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043010486","display_name":"Yi\u2010Hung Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7114-2098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihong Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086014971","display_name":"Ruigang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9315-3409"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruigang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Institute of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Institute of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64204859,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.7206470966339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6284447908401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.61802738904953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5953323841094971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-matrix","display_name":"Augmented matrix","score":0.5648592710494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/array-processing","display_name":"Array processing","score":0.48412737250328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-array","display_name":"Sensor array","score":0.4641469717025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.426904559135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.41785016655921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30877432227134705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.27556055784225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.16695570945739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetric-matrix","display_name":"Symmetric matrix","score":0.1544460952281952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.14273783564567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1316891312599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11232420802116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.7206470966339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6284447908401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.61802738904953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5953323841094971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105129939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2750301","display_name":"Augmented matrix","level":5,"score":0.5648592710494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778545087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4795883","display_name":"Array processing","level":4,"score":0.48412737250328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66251956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451086","display_name":"Sensor array","level":2,"score":0.4641469717025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.426904559135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.41785016655921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30877432227134705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.27556055784225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.16695570945739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54848796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339011","display_name":"Symmetric matrix","level":3,"score":0.1544460952281952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.14273783564567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1316891312599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11232420802116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22629506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602993","display_name":"State-transition matrix","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcsp52459.2021.9613225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp52459.2021.9613225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607893","display_name":"2021 13th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 13th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070222581","https://openalex.org/W2098174516","https://openalex.org/W2125751535","https://openalex.org/W2132679193","https://openalex.org/W2149126685","https://openalex.org/W2161666352","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2164078003","https://openalex.org/W2168499745","https://openalex.org/W2307126842","https://openalex.org/W2468750340","https://openalex.org/W2636579699","https://openalex.org/W2742609933","https://openalex.org/W2953900845","https://openalex.org/W2991177086","https://openalex.org/W3031486614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382204317","https://openalex.org/W4379654103","https://openalex.org/W1603481662","https://openalex.org/W2090967414","https://openalex.org/W2070893423","https://openalex.org/W2151659476","https://openalex.org/W256433769","https://openalex.org/W2030486344","https://openalex.org/W200518853","https://openalex.org/W2786427275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,52],"this":[1,65],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,34,45,56,79,117,154,160,173,203,206],"problem":[6],"of":[7,11,23,36,83,126,162,172,193,205],"two-dimensional":[8],"(2-D)":[9],"direction":[10],"arrival":[12],"(DOA)":[13],"estimation":[14,26,46,59,76],"in":[15,27,209],"a":[16,68,142],"distributed":[17,28,62,92,103,151],"L-shaped":[18,30,63,70,95],"array":[19,31,42,71,89,96,106,120,128,177],"(LSA).":[20],"The":[21,87],"resolution":[22],"2-D":[24,57,74],"DOA":[25,58,75],"uniform":[29],"is":[32,39,48,91,100,166],"low,":[33],"number":[35,125],"available":[37],"sources":[38],"limited":[40],"by":[41],"elements":[43],"and":[44,110,124,137,157,185],"accuracy":[47],"susceptible":[49],"to":[50,54,140],"SNR.":[51],"order":[53],"promote":[55],"performance":[60],"under":[61],"array,":[64],"paper":[66],"proposes":[67],"new":[69,174],"geometry":[72],"for":[73,148,182],"based":[77],"on":[78],"conjugate":[80,143],"augmented":[81,93,104,144],"property":[82],"signal":[84],"second-order":[85],"statistics.":[86],"proposed":[88,207],"structure":[90],"nested":[94,105],"which":[97],"every":[98],"subarray":[99],"one-dimensional":[101],"(1-D)":[102],"placed":[107],"along":[108],"y-axis":[109],"z-axis.":[111],"By":[112],"using":[113],"Khatri-Rao":[114],"product":[115],"processing,":[116],"newly":[118],"formed":[119,175],"possesses":[121],"higher":[122],"degree-of-freedom":[123],"virtual":[127,176,190],"apertures":[129],"are":[130],"more":[131],"extended.":[132],"Then,":[133],"utilize":[134],"spatial":[135,158],"information":[136,139],"temporal":[138],"construct":[141],"spatial\u2013temporal":[145],"auto-correlation":[146],"matrix":[147,165,192],"each":[149,163,170],"orthogonal":[150],"subarray.":[152],"With":[153],"redundancy":[155],"removal":[156],"smoothing,":[159],"rank":[161],"covariance":[164],"restored.":[167],"Through":[168],"analysis,":[169],"portion":[171],"can":[178,196],"be":[179],"used":[180],"separately":[181],"1-D":[183],"azimuth":[184],"elevation":[186],"angle":[187],"estimation.":[188,211],"Additionally,":[189],"cross-correlation":[191],"two":[194],"subarrays":[195],"accomplish":[197],"angle-pairing":[198],"procedure.":[199],"Simulation":[200],"results":[201],"verify":[202],"effectivity":[204],"method":[208],"2D-DOA":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}