{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903154267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp.2018.8555713","title":"Positioning Algorithm and AoD Estimation for mmWave FD-MISO System","display_name":"Positioning Algorithm and AoD Estimation for mmWave FD-MISO System","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903154267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp.2018.8555713","mag":"2903154267"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcsp.2018.8555713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp.2018.8555713","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 10th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062528157","display_name":"Weicong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0001-0906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weicong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046019676","display_name":"Shiwen He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-4970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiwen He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100948211","display_name":"Qinzhen Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinzhen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015419107","display_name":"Ju Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2782-183X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ju Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056225611","display_name":"Yongming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-4616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111277180","display_name":"Luxi Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luxi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamwidth","display_name":"Beamwidth","score":0.9325835704803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6861979961395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.6797618865966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6561166644096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.6284704208374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4762953817844391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.4447682499885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.4324554204940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.4267508387565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.42054662108421326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.4161238372325897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4137720763683319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3391708731651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.33081355690956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2380867600440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.22173306345939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.2016981840133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17970901727676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.10972383618354797}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190060920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876232","display_name":"Beamwidth","level":3,"score":0.9325835704803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6861979961395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6797618865966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6561166644096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.6284704208374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4762953817844391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.4447682499885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.4324554204940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.4267508387565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.42054662108421326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.4161238372325897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4137720763683319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3391708731651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33081355690956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2380867600440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.22173306345939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.2016981840133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17970901727676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.10972383618354797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcsp.2018.8555713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp.2018.8555713","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 10th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514162010","https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W2002288746","https://openalex.org/W2015155523","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2114365263","https://openalex.org/W2115147171","https://openalex.org/W2134573934","https://openalex.org/W2144609823","https://openalex.org/W2163363194","https://openalex.org/W2277860444","https://openalex.org/W2290739911","https://openalex.org/W2469797310","https://openalex.org/W2527530399","https://openalex.org/W2583701637","https://openalex.org/W2593683299","https://openalex.org/W2725078910","https://openalex.org/W2750958948","https://openalex.org/W2768361931","https://openalex.org/W2768755631","https://openalex.org/W2964045328","https://openalex.org/W4213224356","https://openalex.org/W6696520051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2741097152","https://openalex.org/W3124073676","https://openalex.org/W3207637692","https://openalex.org/W2387048280","https://openalex.org/W2741253154","https://openalex.org/W2301505714","https://openalex.org/W3098804479","https://openalex.org/W61405899","https://openalex.org/W2903154267","https://openalex.org/W2975089423"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter":[0],"wave":[1],"(mmWave)":[2],"massive":[3],"multiple-input":[4],"single-output":[5],"(MISO)":[6],"technologies":[7],"provide":[8],"a":[9,29,48,65,104],"possibility":[10],"for":[11,167],"using":[12],"the":[13,52,57,60,75,82,85,90,97,121,124,131,145,148,173,176],"available":[14],"wireless":[15],"communication":[16],"infrastructure":[17],"to":[18,119],"realize":[19],"full":[20],"dimension":[21],"(FD)":[22],"positioning.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"we":[27,102],"propose":[28,103],"novel":[30],"beam":[31,105],"training":[32,106],"based":[33,107],"positioning":[34,43,100],"and":[35,64,115,150],"angle":[36],"of":[37,51,59,70,81,84,99,113,123,147,175],"departure":[38],"(AoD)":[39],"estimation":[40,109,117,134,166],"algorithm.":[41],"The":[42],"process":[44],"is":[45,87,96,158],"formulated":[46],"as":[47],"minimization":[49,76],"problem":[50],"sum":[53],"distance":[54],"square":[55,165],"between":[56],"position":[58,83,174],"user":[61],"equipment":[62],"(UE)":[63],"point":[66],"on":[67],"each":[68],"ray":[69],"access":[71],"points.":[72],"By":[73],"solving":[74],"problem,":[77],"an":[78],"analytical":[79],"solution":[80],"UE":[86,177],"derived.":[88],"Since":[89],"direction":[91,146,157],"vector,":[92],"i.e.,":[93],"AoD":[94,108,122,133],"information,":[95],"core":[98],"algorithm,":[101],"method":[110],"which":[111],"consists":[112],"coarse":[114],"fine":[116],"phases":[118],"obtain":[120],"propagation":[125],"path.":[126],"Numerical":[127],"results":[128],"show":[129],"that":[130],"proposed":[132],"algorithm":[135],"achieves":[136],"satisfactory":[137],"performance":[138],"when":[139],"3":[140],"dB":[141],"beamwidth":[142],"cover":[143],"all":[144,156],"paths":[149],"has":[151],"relative":[152],"high":[153],"accuracy":[154],"even":[155],"not":[159],"completely":[160],"covered.":[161],"Compared":[162],"with":[163],"least":[164],"FD":[168],"positioning,":[169],"our":[170],"approach":[171],"estimates":[172],"more":[178],"accurate.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}