{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903481566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp.2018.8555702","title":"Energy Efficient Beamforming in Heterogeneous Small Cell Networks","display_name":"Energy Efficient Beamforming in Heterogeneous Small Cell Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903481566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp.2018.8555702","mag":"2903481566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcsp.2018.8555702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp.2018.8555702","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 10th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001810852","display_name":"Zeli Lao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeli Lao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114706300","display_name":"Zhaohua Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1761-3544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohua Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongxing Telecom Equipment, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongxing Telecom Equipment, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085579919","display_name":"Jiaheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-5471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056225611","display_name":"Yongming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-4616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028217877","display_name":"Leixin Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-5582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leixin Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011198223","display_name":"Fusheng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-7504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fusheng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongxing Telecom Equipment, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongxing Telecom Equipment, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101855661","display_name":"Licheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8033-390X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8555039167404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7622842788696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.7500871419906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.6693314909934998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6416403651237488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.6359926462173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5707370042800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5439940690994263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-cell","display_name":"Small cell","score":0.54193514585495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.4830344617366791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.45911118388175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4550439417362213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4298053979873657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4281453788280487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.35070735216140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2510707378387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1484539806842804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13673049211502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.11659061908721924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8555039167404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7622842788696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.7500871419906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.6693314909934998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6416403651237488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.6359926462173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5707370042800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5439940690994263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179655311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7543020","display_name":"Small cell","level":3,"score":0.54193514585495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.4830344617366791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.45911118388175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4550439417362213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4298053979873657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4281453788280487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.35070735216140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2510707378387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1484539806842804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13673049211502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.11659061908721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcsp.2018.8555702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp.2018.8555702","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 10th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965086706","https://openalex.org/W2008180574","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2128628369","https://openalex.org/W2134591504","https://openalex.org/W2196429375","https://openalex.org/W2320797357","https://openalex.org/W2325504487","https://openalex.org/W2491017754","https://openalex.org/W2510564940","https://openalex.org/W2567276338","https://openalex.org/W2752134242","https://openalex.org/W3101483526","https://openalex.org/W4243888862"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087844490","https://openalex.org/W3090699061","https://openalex.org/W4387546583","https://openalex.org/W2051762234","https://openalex.org/W2131408743","https://openalex.org/W2055634632","https://openalex.org/W2805060255","https://openalex.org/W2787827467","https://openalex.org/W4367031485","https://openalex.org/W4297776116"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,63],"densification":[1],"of":[2,25,47,57,72,121],"wireless":[3],"networks":[4],"via":[5],"small":[6,41,49],"cells":[7],"is":[8,66],"an":[9,23],"effective":[10],"way":[11],"to":[12,67,97],"improve":[13,68],"spectral":[14],"efficiency":[15,71,120],"but,":[16],"on":[17],"the":[18,33,54,69,73,99,111,118,122],"other":[19],"hand,":[20],"also":[21],"causes":[22],"increase":[24],"power":[26],"consumption.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"paper,":[30],"we":[31],"consider":[32],"energy":[34,70,102,119],"efficient":[35,95,103],"beamforming":[36,104,113],"design":[37,64,105,114],"for":[38,82],"a":[39,45,58,93],"heterogeneous":[40],"cell":[42,84],"network,":[43],"where":[44],"number":[46],"multi-antenna":[48],"base":[50,60],"stations":[51],"(SBSs)":[52],"share":[53],"spectrum":[55],"resource":[56],"macro":[59,83],"station":[61],"(MBS).":[62],"goal":[65],"whole":[74,123],"network":[75],"and":[76],"meanwhile":[77],"provide":[78],"quality-of-service":[79],"(QoS)":[80],"protection":[81],"communications,":[85],"which":[86],"generally":[87],"have":[88],"higher":[89],"priorities.":[90],"We":[91],"propose":[92],"novel":[94],"method":[96],"address":[98],"formulated":[100],"non-convex":[101],"problem.":[106],"Simulation":[107],"results":[108],"show":[109],"that":[110],"proposed":[112],"can":[115],"dramatically":[116],"enhance":[117],"network.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
