{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045671658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp.2013.6677037","title":"Dimming scheme analysis for pulse amplitude modulated visible light communications","display_name":"Dimming scheme analysis for pulse amplitude modulated visible light communications","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045671658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp.2013.6677037","mag":"2045671658"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcsp.2013.6677037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp.2013.6677037","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045560172","display_name":"Jin\u2010Yuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5745-4554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin-Yuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","National Mobile Commun. Res. Lab., Southeast Univ., Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Commun. Res. Lab., Southeast Univ., Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100372762","display_name":"Jun-Bo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1881-3558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-Bo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","National Mobile Commun. Res. Lab., Southeast Univ., Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Commun. Res. Lab., Southeast Univ., Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423242","display_name":"Ming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8860-7023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","National Mobile Commun. Res. Lab., Southeast Univ., Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Commun. Res. Lab., Southeast Univ., Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082437433","display_name":"Xiaoyu Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6583-9400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Portland State Univ., Portland, OR, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Portland State Univ., Portland, OR, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.9191908836364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.6775221228599548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6295079588890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.6146445274353027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.46837931871414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4620724320411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.455194354057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35448700189590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.3233509063720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.271406888961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.258408784866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.20244595408439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.17816752195358276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16432595252990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.11102619767189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08909296989440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.9191908836364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.6775221228599548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6295079588890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.6146445274353027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.46837931871414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4620724320411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.455194354057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35448700189590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.3233509063720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.271406888961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.258408784866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.20244595408439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.17816752195358276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16432595252990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.11102619767189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08909296989440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcsp.2013.6677037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp.2013.6677037","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972867220","https://openalex.org/W1984449843","https://openalex.org/W1992284829","https://openalex.org/W2005598127","https://openalex.org/W2022210112","https://openalex.org/W2058206082","https://openalex.org/W2100100308","https://openalex.org/W2100816365","https://openalex.org/W2101537238","https://openalex.org/W2105580634","https://openalex.org/W2116272600","https://openalex.org/W2143300010","https://openalex.org/W2144644352","https://openalex.org/W2145447789","https://openalex.org/W2149637026","https://openalex.org/W2157733036","https://openalex.org/W2168912039","https://openalex.org/W2169824462","https://openalex.org/W2263466419","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W3145006909","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6681396160","https://openalex.org/W6685068161"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059559685","https://openalex.org/W2902555799","https://openalex.org/W3217294959","https://openalex.org/W2120687550","https://openalex.org/W2890668895","https://openalex.org/W1560661846","https://openalex.org/W2261137807","https://openalex.org/W2478921173","https://openalex.org/W2066816554","https://openalex.org/W2009407969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"IEEE":[0],"802.15.7":[1],"is":[2,17,108],"the":[3,20,30,50,70,73,76,86,91,100,113,116,124,128,137,140],"first":[4],"global":[5],"standard":[6],"for":[7,23,33,61],"visible":[8],"light":[9],"communications":[10],"(VLC).":[11],"In":[12,25],"this":[13,26,54],"standard,":[14],"dimming":[15,31,41,59,65,125,129],"support":[16],"one":[18],"of":[19,49,75,139],"main":[21],"challenges":[22],"VLC.":[24,38],"paper,":[27],"we":[28],"investigate":[29],"schemes":[32,42],"pulse":[34],"amplitude":[35],"modulated":[36],"(PAM)":[37],"Unlike":[39],"previous":[40],"that":[43,99,112],"only":[44,135],"change":[45],"probability":[46,71,138],"or":[47],"intensity":[48,74,102,114],"PAM":[51,77,117,141],"constellation":[52,78,118,142],"points,":[53],"paper":[55],"develops":[56],"a":[57,82],"hybrid":[58],"scheme":[60,107],"VLC,":[62],"which":[63,110],"performs":[64],"control":[66,130],"by":[67,134],"jointly":[68],"optimizing":[69],"and":[72,90,127],"points.":[79,143],"By":[80],"solving":[81],"simple":[83],"iteration":[84],"algorithm,":[85],"desired":[87],"source":[88],"distribution":[89],"mutual":[92],"information":[93],"are":[94],"derived.":[95],"Numerical":[96],"results":[97],"show":[98],"optimal":[101],"shift":[103],"percentage":[104],"in":[105,115],"our":[106],"zero,":[109],"indicates":[111],"should":[119],"not":[120],"be":[121,132],"shifted":[122],"with":[123],"target,":[126],"can":[131],"implemented":[133],"changing":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}