{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3160810667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw49093.2021.9419988","title":"Enhancing Cell-Free Massive MIMO networks through LEO Satellite Integration","display_name":"Enhancing Cell-Free Massive MIMO networks through LEO Satellite Integration","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3160810667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw49093.2021.9419988","mag":"3160810667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcncw49093.2021.9419988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw49093.2021.9419988","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/354153","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041966559","display_name":"Felip Riera-Palou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7080-3173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50441567","display_name":"Universitat de les Illes Balears","ror":"https://ror.org/03e10x626","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50441567"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F. Riera-Palou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat de les Illes Balears,Mobile Communications Group,Mallorca,Spain,07122"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat de les Illes Balears,Mobile Communications Group,Mallorca,Spain,07122","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50441567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068049967","display_name":"Guillem Femenias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2002-1733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50441567","display_name":"Universitat de les Illes Balears","ror":"https://ror.org/03e10x626","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50441567"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Femenias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat de les Illes Balears,Mobile Communications Group,Mallorca,Spain,07122"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat de les Illes Balears,Mobile Communications Group,Mallorca,Spain,07122","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50441567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067959444","display_name":"M\u00e0rius Caus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1722-6319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Caus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnòlogic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA),Barcelona,Spain,08860"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnòlogic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA),Barcelona,Spain,08860","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001422066","display_name":"Musbah Shaat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4125-3915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Shaat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnòlogic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA),Barcelona,Spain,08860"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnòlogic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA),Barcelona,Spain,08860","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021247422","display_name":"Jan Garc\u00eda-Morales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1776-7537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50441567","display_name":"Universitat de les Illes Balears","ror":"https://ror.org/03e10x626","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50441567"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Garc\u00eda-Morales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat de les Illes Balears,Mobile Communications Group,Mallorca,Spain,07122"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat de les Illes Balears,Mobile Communications Group,Mallorca,Spain,07122","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50441567"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046234769","display_name":"Ana I. P\u00e8rez-Neira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4281-3934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. I. P\u00e9rez-Neira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnòlogic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA),Barcelona,Spain,08860"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnòlogic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA),Barcelona,Spain,08860","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041966559"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50441567"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1762,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95537214,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.715761125087738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.708511233329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.673455536365509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.658955454826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greedy-algorithm","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","score":0.5931541323661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.49045631289482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-earth-orbit","display_name":"Low earth orbit","score":0.47929662466049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-broadcasting","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","score":0.4168590009212494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4087180495262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3434251844882965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3212129473686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2877054810523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14262831211090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.11028027534484863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.10678568482398987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.715761125087738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.708511233329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.673455536365509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.658955454826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51823790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504353","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5931541323661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.49045631289482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018325918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663611","display_name":"Low earth orbit","level":3,"score":0.47929662466049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986254709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209588","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","level":3,"score":0.4168590009212494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4087180495262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3434251844882965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3212129473686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2877054810523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14262831211090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.11028027534484863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.10678568482398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcncw49093.2021.9419988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw49093.2021.9419988","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/354153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/354153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207057","display_name":"QRU Quaderns de Recerca en Urbanisme","issn_l":"2014-9689","issn":["2014-9689","2385-6777"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322448","host_organization_name":"Q71272178","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322448"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Q71272178"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/354153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/354153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207057","display_name":"QRU Quaderns de Recerca en Urbanisme","issn_l":"2014-9689","issn":["2014-9689","2385-6777"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322448","host_organization_name":"Q71272178","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322448"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Q71272178"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2569659590","https://openalex.org/W2610350904","https://openalex.org/W2735009901","https://openalex.org/W2770606349","https://openalex.org/W2892656107","https://openalex.org/W2901608252","https://openalex.org/W2909496071","https://openalex.org/W2940954889","https://openalex.org/W2941952695","https://openalex.org/W2964050245","https://openalex.org/W2993129648","https://openalex.org/W2999271997","https://openalex.org/W3007288074","https://openalex.org/W3045526577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2891776881","https://openalex.org/W2244559970","https://openalex.org/W2557467218","https://openalex.org/W2536297025","https://openalex.org/W2771290394","https://openalex.org/W2918080139","https://openalex.org/W3130064765","https://openalex.org/W1574303229","https://openalex.org/W2618582729","https://openalex.org/W4298470087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,8,15,43],"hybrid":[4],"network":[5],"architecture":[6],"combining":[7],"cell-free":[9],"Massive":[10],"MIMO":[11],"terrestrial":[12,49,74],"layout":[13],"with":[14],"low":[16],"Earth":[17],"orbit":[18],"satellite":[19,57],"segment":[20,75],"jointly":[21],"targeting":[22],"the":[23,26,31,48,56,62,73],"maximization":[24],"of":[25],"minimum":[27],"per-user":[28],"rate":[29],"in":[30],"coverage":[32],"area.":[33],"Towards":[34],"this":[35,65],"end,":[36],"an":[37],"optimization":[38],"framework":[39],"is":[40,81],"proposed,":[41],"alongside":[42],"greedy":[44],"solution,":[45],"that":[46],"diverts":[47],"users":[50],"experiencing":[51],"poor":[52],"propagation":[53],"conditions":[54],"to":[55],"segment.":[58],"Simulation":[59],"results":[60],"show":[61],"substantial":[63],"benefits":[64],"integrated":[66],"approach":[67],"brings":[68],"along,":[69],"very":[70],"specially":[71],"when":[72],"operates":[76],"single-antenna":[77],"access":[78],"points":[79],"or":[80],"sparsely":[82],"deployed.":[83]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T06:05:38.182114","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}