{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2952483021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw.2016.7552669","title":"Quad-LED complex modulation (QCM) for visible light wireless communication","display_name":"Quad-LED complex modulation (QCM) for visible light wireless communication","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2952483021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw.2016.7552669","mag":"2952483021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcncw.2016.7552669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw.2016.7552669","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072893074","display_name":"R. Tejaswi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Tejaswi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111886196","display_name":"T. Lakshmi Narasimhan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117895437","display_name":"National Instruments (Ireland)","ror":"https://ror.org/03b4j0710","country_code":"IE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117895437","https://openalex.org/I4210117810","https://openalex.org/I4210124763"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Lakshmi Narasimhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Instruments Private Limited, Bangalore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Instruments Private Limited, Bangalore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117895437"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076764000","display_name":"A. Chockalingam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0701-0327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Chockalingam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072893074"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.07378621,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90219589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"18","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.9388999938964844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.916100025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hermitian-function","display_name":"Hermitian function","score":0.691220760345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.6355697512626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5886161923408508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.5864270925521851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.5322007536888123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5162312984466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44848665595054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.44300639629364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.4308946132659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.3676852583885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26486051082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2078741192817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.15544816851615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10610473155975342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10109394788742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10107973217964172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.07820948958396912}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146783285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3236862","display_name":"Hermitian function","level":3,"score":0.691220760345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.6355697512626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5886161923408508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.5864270925521851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.5322007536888123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5162312984466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44848665595054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.44300639629364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.4308946132659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.3676852583885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26486051082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2078741192817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.15544816851615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10610473155975342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10109394788742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10107973217964172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.07820948958396912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652941","display_name":"Hermitian matrix","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcncw.2016.7552669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw.2016.7552669","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525212576","https://openalex.org/W1529722697","https://openalex.org/W1821825403","https://openalex.org/W1966393174","https://openalex.org/W1966404575","https://openalex.org/W1977715751","https://openalex.org/W1979570511","https://openalex.org/W1984118916","https://openalex.org/W1995035811","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2013865131","https://openalex.org/W2023023356","https://openalex.org/W2046824677","https://openalex.org/W2062785569","https://openalex.org/W2088496743","https://openalex.org/W2099102633","https://openalex.org/W2104856264","https://openalex.org/W2105935781","https://openalex.org/W2109430601","https://openalex.org/W2111854329","https://openalex.org/W2120537910","https://openalex.org/W2123068486","https://openalex.org/W2124496513","https://openalex.org/W2130936630","https://openalex.org/W2138959822","https://openalex.org/W2139642610","https://openalex.org/W2140804280","https://openalex.org/W2149126001","https://openalex.org/W2152567496","https://openalex.org/W2153566626","https://openalex.org/W2165207113","https://openalex.org/W2316093644","https://openalex.org/W2542331688","https://openalex.org/W2949835790","https://openalex.org/W6631612879","https://openalex.org/W6646276423","https://openalex.org/W6649292562","https://openalex.org/W6675166109","https://openalex.org/W6699398188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2893995248","https://openalex.org/W2085207364","https://openalex.org/W2148868771","https://openalex.org/W2901356766","https://openalex.org/W1993069619","https://openalex.org/W2018164385","https://openalex.org/W2003011219","https://openalex.org/W2785337709","https://openalex.org/W2366061186","https://openalex.org/W2184919146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,90],"simple":[6],"and":[7,44],"novel":[8],"complex":[9,19,49,100,113],"modulation":[10,20,50,101,114],"scheme":[11,25,57],"for":[12],"multiple-LED":[13],"wireless":[14],"communication,":[15],"termed":[16,144],"as":[17,89,145],"quad-LED":[18],"(QCM).":[21],"The":[22,55,83],"proposed":[23,84,137],"QCM":[24,56,85,106,138],"uses":[26],"four":[27],"LEDs":[28,78,126],"(hence":[29],"the":[30,97,112,122,125,136],"name":[31],"`quad-LED'),":[32],"one":[33],"LED":[34,66],"each":[35],"to":[36,64,79,94,102,124],"map":[37],"positive":[38,42,68],"real,":[39,41],"negative":[40,45],"imaginary,":[43],"imaginary":[46],"parts":[47],"of":[48,77,99],"symbols":[51,115],"like":[52],"QAM":[53],"symbols.":[54],"does":[58],"not":[59],"need":[60],"Hermitian":[61],"symmetry":[62],"operation":[63],"generate":[65],"compatible":[67],"real":[69],"transmit":[70],"signals.":[71],"Instead":[72],"it":[73],"exploits":[74],"spatial":[75],"indexing":[76],"convey":[80],"sign":[81],"information.":[82],"module":[86],"can":[87],"serve":[88],"basic":[91],"building":[92],"block":[93],"bring":[95],"in":[96,118],"benefits":[98],"VLC.":[103],"For":[104],"example,":[105],"with":[107,142],"phase":[108,119],"rotation":[109],"(QAM-PR)":[110],"where":[111],"are":[116],"rotated":[117],"before":[120],"mapping":[121],"signals":[123],"achieves":[127,147],"improved":[128],"bit":[129],"error":[130],"performance.":[131,150],"We":[132],"also":[133],"find":[134],"that":[135],"when":[139],"used":[140],"along":[141],"OFDM,":[143],"QCM-OFDM,":[146],"very":[148],"good":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
