{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410227826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978828","title":"Joint UPF and Application Placement in Multi-Slice Edge Networks: A Reinforcement Learning Strategy","display_name":"Joint UPF and Application Placement in Multi-Slice Edge Networks: A Reinforcement Learning Strategy","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410227826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978828","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054282996","display_name":"Godfrey Kibalya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7053-3756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Godfrey Kibalya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nearby Computing S.L.,Barcelona,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nearby Computing S.L.,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069293869","display_name":"Michail Dalgitsis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8660-0813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michail Dalgitsis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nearby Computing S.L.,Barcelona,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nearby Computing S.L.,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102706559","display_name":"Mar\u00eda A. Serrano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-0158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria A Serrano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nearby Computing S.L.,Barcelona,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nearby Computing S.L.,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087182374","display_name":"Nikolaos Bartzoudis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7528-5934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Bartzoudis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA),Castelldefels, Barcelona,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA),Castelldefels, Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034210599","display_name":"Luis Blanco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-8385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Blanco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA),Castelldefels, Barcelona,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA),Castelldefels, Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047991903","display_name":"Engin Zeydan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3329-0588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Engin Zeydan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA),Castelldefels, Barcelona,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA),Castelldefels, Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012939726","display_name":"Angelos Antonopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-1080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelos Antonopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nearby Computing S.L.,Barcelona,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nearby Computing S.L.,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054282996"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5282,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94403598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9575999975204468,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9575999975204468,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9240999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6626983880996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6566885709762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.6521459817886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.6431872844696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33609437942504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.14321857690811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1432008147239685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6626983880996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6566885709762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.6521459817886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.6431872844696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33609437942504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.14321857690811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1432008147239685}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978828","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2786842923","https://openalex.org/W2954022626","https://openalex.org/W3088401433","https://openalex.org/W3089634607","https://openalex.org/W3169225505","https://openalex.org/W3170672970","https://openalex.org/W3213197090","https://openalex.org/W4286247625","https://openalex.org/W4286252229","https://openalex.org/W4321021835","https://openalex.org/W4386885521","https://openalex.org/W4389828638","https://openalex.org/W4396877797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20],"virtualization":[1],"and":[2,12,17,39,66,80,97,125,137,147,151,173],"softwarization":[3],"of":[4,14,22,30,60,64,94,169],"5G/6G":[5],"mobile":[6],"networks":[7],"have":[8,158],"enabled":[9],"the":[10,28,45,62,76,82,87,92,115,145,153],"deployment":[11,21,149],"orchestration":[13],"cloud-native":[15],"network":[16],"application":[18,67,98,148],"functions.":[19],"these":[23],"functions":[24],"is":[25,69,105],"crucial,":[26],"as":[27],"placement":[29,68,99,116,154],"data":[31],"plane":[32],"elements":[33],"(i.e.,":[34],"User":[35],"Plane":[36],"Function":[37],"(UPF))":[38],"vertical":[40],"services":[41],"can":[42],"significantly":[43],"impact":[44],"overall":[46],"user":[47,103,170],"latency.":[48],"However,":[49],"in":[50,167,178],"multi-slice":[51,102],"edge":[52],"scenarios,":[53],"characterized":[54],"by":[55],"users":[56],"with":[57],"distinct":[58],"levels":[59],"criticality,":[61],"problem":[63,93],"UPF":[65,96,136,146],"becoming":[70],"increasingly":[71],"complex":[72],"due":[73],"to":[74,164,175,182],"i)":[75],"various":[77],"costs":[78],"involved":[79],"ii)":[81],"limited":[83],"computational":[84],"resources":[85],"at":[86],"edge.":[88],"In":[89],"this":[90,130],"paper,":[91],"joint":[95],"for":[100],"a":[101,134],"scenario":[104],"studied,":[106],"taking":[107],"into":[108],"account":[109],"multiple":[110],"cost":[111,180],"components":[112],"that":[113,160],"influence":[114],"decision,":[117],"including":[118],"service":[119],"migration,":[120],"traffic":[121],"forwarding,":[122],"server":[123],"activation":[124],"processing":[126],"costs.":[127],"To":[128],"tackle":[129],"problem,":[131],"we":[132],"introduce":[133],"Joint":[135],"Application":[138],"Reinforcement":[139],"Learning-based":[140],"(JUAP-RL)":[141],"algorithm,":[142],"which":[143],"decides":[144],"location":[150],"coordinates":[152],"stages.":[155],"Extensive":[156],"experiments":[157],"shown":[159],"JUAP-RL":[161],"demonstrates":[162],"up":[163,174],"17%":[165],"gain":[166],"terms":[168],"acceptance":[171],"ratio":[172],"23.4%":[176],"reduction":[177],"provisioning":[179],"compared":[181],"baseline":[183],"schemes.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}