{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410229405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978439","title":"RIS-Aided Fronthaul Constrained Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems with Hardware Impairments","display_name":"RIS-Aided Fronthaul Constrained Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems with Hardware Impairments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410229405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978439"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978439","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101986194","display_name":"Malay Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-2050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Malay Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electronics &#x0026; Communication Engineering,Roorkee,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electronics &#x0026; Communication Engineering,Roorkee,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044287995","display_name":"Sowrabh Banik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sowrabh Banik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electronics &#x0026; Communication Engineering,Roorkee,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electronics &#x0026; Communication Engineering,Roorkee,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041137553","display_name":"Ekant Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0735-4701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ekant Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electronics &#x0026; Communication Engineering,Roorkee,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electronics &#x0026; Communication Engineering,Roorkee,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008700987","display_name":"Himal A. Suraweera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-7528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111199411","display_name":"University of Peradeniya","ror":"https://ror.org/025h79t26","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Himal A. Suraweera","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Peradeniya,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Sri Lanka"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Peradeniya,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052919611","display_name":"Hien Quoc Ngo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3367-2220"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hien Quoc Ngo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Innovation (CWI), Queen&#x0027;s University,Belfast,U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Innovation (CWI), Queen&#x0027;s University,Belfast,U.K","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101986194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10106297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.724474310874939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6808504462242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4191092252731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4122133255004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3726983070373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2064838707447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.10769280791282654}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.724474310874939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6808504462242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4191092252731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4122133255004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3726983070373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2064838707447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.10769280791282654}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978439","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142238976","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2593893328","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2981306253","https://openalex.org/W3152961272","https://openalex.org/W3196826750","https://openalex.org/W3199166544","https://openalex.org/W4294811244","https://openalex.org/W4296915796","https://openalex.org/W4386025753","https://openalex.org/W4392172829","https://openalex.org/W4393253092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,48,52,62,71,78,102,109,124,130,147,162,174],"impact":[4,152],"of":[5,10,97,132],"hardware":[6],"impairments":[7,140],"in":[8,116],"terms":[9],"low-cost":[11],"radio":[12],"frequency":[13],"(RF)":[14],"chains":[15],"and":[16,44,65,166],"dynamic-resolution":[17,168],"analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog":[18],"converters":[19],"(ADCsIDACs)":[20],"over":[21],"a":[22,37,67,94],"reconfigurable":[23],"intelligent":[24],"surface":[25],"(RIS)":[26],"enhanced":[27],"cell-free":[28],"massive":[29],"multiple-input":[30],"multiple-output":[31],"system.":[32],"We":[33,50],"aim":[34],"to":[35,60,93],"model":[36],"practical":[38],"scenario":[39],"by":[40],"considering":[41],"phase":[42],"noise":[43],"spatial":[45],"correlation":[46],"at":[47,141,153],"RIS.":[49],"utilize":[51],"well-known":[53],"linear":[54],"minimum":[55],"mean":[56],"square":[57],"error":[58],"estimation":[59],"obtain":[61],"channel":[63],"estimates":[64],"present":[66],"closed-form":[68],"expression":[69],"for":[70],"downlink":[72],"spectral":[73],"efficiency":[74,149],"(SE).":[75],"To":[76],"reduce":[77],"fronthaul":[79],"load,":[80],"we":[81],"implement":[82],"an":[83],"access":[84],"point":[85],"(AP)":[86],"selection":[87],"strategy":[88],"that":[89,107],"assigns":[90],"each":[91],"user":[92],"specific":[95],"set":[96],"APs":[98],"rather":[99],"than":[100,138],"all":[101],"APs.":[103],"Our":[104],"analysis":[105],"reveals":[106],"i)":[108],"SE":[110],"with":[111,118],"RIS-aided":[112],"links":[113],"is":[114,127,135],"significant":[115],"scenarios":[117],"low":[119],"transmit":[120,143],"power,":[121],"especially":[122],"when":[123],"direct":[125],"link":[126],"weak,":[128],"ii)":[129],"effect":[131],"ADCslDACs":[133,169],"imperfection":[134],"more":[136],"acute":[137],"RF":[139],"higher":[142],"power":[144],"levels,":[145],"iii)":[146],"energy":[148],"shows":[150],"minimal":[151],"lower":[154],"impairment":[155,163],"levels":[156],"but":[157],"becomes":[158],"significantly":[159],"affected":[160],"as":[161],"level":[164],"increases,":[165],"iv)":[167],"playa":[170],"vital":[171],"role":[172],"on":[173],"system":[175],"performance.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
