{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410227044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978358","title":"Learning and Reconstructing Conflicts in O-RAN: A Graph Neural Network Approach","display_name":"Learning and Reconstructing Conflicts in O-RAN: A Graph Neural Network Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410227044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978358"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978358","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115560907","display_name":"Arshia Zolghadr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arshia Zolghadr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065645292","display_name":"Joao F. Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6439-2056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joao F. Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041092244","display_name":"Luiz A. DaSilva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6310-6150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luiz A. DaSilva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073275706","display_name":"Jacek Kibi\u0142da","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-0583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacek Kibilda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"01","last_page":"06"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.8629000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.8629000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13062","display_name":"Cognitive Computing and Networks","score":0.7542999982833862,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ran","display_name":"Ran","score":0.7752158641815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6659634113311768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5778708457946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ran","display_name":"C-RAN","score":0.5086101293563843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.49563300609588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4835664927959442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.28222593665122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.23767545819282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.17743918299674988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.07566705346107483}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160704184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031028","display_name":"Ran","level":2,"score":0.7752158641815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6659634113311768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5778708457946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5005908","display_name":"C-RAN","level":5,"score":0.5086101293563843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.49563300609588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4835664927959442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.28222593665122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.23767545819282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.17743918299674988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.07566705346107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978358","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/140781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10919/140781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference proceeding"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2333101672","https://openalex.org/W3201683482","https://openalex.org/W4283214234","https://openalex.org/W4290997040","https://openalex.org/W4317796310","https://openalex.org/W4375928965","https://openalex.org/W4391946402","https://openalex.org/W4396542824","https://openalex.org/W6738964360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885627391","https://openalex.org/W4401508502","https://openalex.org/W4324323655","https://openalex.org/W2922954044","https://openalex.org/W4408041959","https://openalex.org/W3037103914","https://openalex.org/W1982654631","https://openalex.org/W3018338683","https://openalex.org/W3197340217","https://openalex.org/W4389104756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64],"Open":[1],"Radio":[2],"Access":[3],"Network":[4],"(O-RAN)":[5],"architecture":[6],"enables":[7],"the":[8,14,20,26,45,55,72,107,130,148,165,169],"deployment":[9],"of":[10,22],"third-party":[11,23],"applications":[12,24],"on":[13,142],"RAN":[15],"Intelligent":[16],"Controllers":[17],"(RICs).":[18],"However,":[19],"operation":[21],"in":[25,37,71,117,147],"Near":[27],"Real-Time":[28],"RIC":[29],"(Near-RT":[30],"RIC),":[31],"known":[32,79],"as":[33],"xApps,":[34,134],"may":[35],"result":[36],"conflicting":[38],"interactions.":[39],"Each":[40],"xApp":[41],"can":[42,158],"independently":[43],"modify":[44],"same":[46],"control":[47,95],"parameters":[48,96],"to":[49,57,88,127],"achieve":[50],"distinct":[51],"outcomes,":[52],"which":[53,82],"has":[54],"potential":[56],"cause":[58],"performance":[59],"degradation":[60],"and":[61,68,90,97,113,136,163],"network":[62],"instability.":[63],"current":[65],"conflict":[66,115,144,150,161],"detection":[67],"mitigation":[69],"solutions":[70],"literature":[73],"assume":[74],"that":[75,154],"all":[76],"conflicts":[77,166],"are":[78],"a":[80,143],"priori,":[81],"does":[83],"not":[84],"always":[85],"hold":[86],"due":[87],"complex":[89],"often":[91],"hidden":[92,131],"relationships":[93,132],"between":[94,133],"Key":[98],"Performance":[99],"Indicators":[100],"(KPIs).":[101],"In":[102],"this":[103],"paper,":[104],"we":[105,120],"introduce":[106],"first":[108],"data-driven":[109],"method":[110,157],"for":[111],"reconstructing":[112],"labeling":[114],"graphs":[116,162],"O-RAN.":[118],"Specifically,":[119],"leverage":[121],"GraphSAGE,":[122],"an":[123],"inductive":[124],"learning":[125],"framework,":[126],"dynamically":[128],"learn":[129],"parameters,":[135],"KPIs.":[137],"Our":[138],"numerical":[139],"results,":[140],"based":[141],"model":[145],"used":[146],"O-RAN":[149,170],"management":[151],"literature,":[152],"demonstrate":[153],"our":[155],"proposed":[156],"effectively":[159],"reconstruct":[160],"identify":[164],"defined":[167],"by":[168],"Alliance.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}