{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410229069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978162","title":"Routing in Low Earth Orbit Satellite Networks: Constrained DQN-Based Approach","display_name":"Routing in Low Earth Orbit Satellite Networks: Constrained DQN-Based Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410229069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978162","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004592789","display_name":"Anupama Hegde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5003-8762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anupama Hegde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communication and Navigation, Deutsches Zentrum f&#x00FC;r Luft- und Raumfahrt,Wessling,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communication and Navigation, Deutsches Zentrum f&#x00FC;r Luft- und Raumfahrt,Wessling,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012250390","display_name":"Manuel M. H. Roth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7878-1204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communication and Navigation, Deutsches Zentrum f&#x00FC;r Luft- und Raumfahrt,Wessling,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communication and Navigation, Deutsches Zentrum f&#x00FC;r Luft- und Raumfahrt,Wessling,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035416788","display_name":"Hermann Bischl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hermann Bischl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communication and Navigation, Deutsches Zentrum f&#x00FC;r Luft- und Raumfahrt,Wessling,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communication and Navigation, Deutsches Zentrum f&#x00FC;r Luft- und Raumfahrt,Wessling,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004592789"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04372037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6878321170806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth","display_name":"Earth (classical element)","score":0.6854932308197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6211974024772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-earth-orbit","display_name":"Low earth orbit","score":0.5906447768211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medium-earth-orbit","display_name":"Medium Earth orbit","score":0.5067921280860901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4558403193950653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geocentric-orbit","display_name":"Geocentric orbit","score":0.4101405739784241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3820968568325043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrobiology","display_name":"Astrobiology","score":0.3743841052055359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.3617445230484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24606174230575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.23076161742210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13091182708740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.12994110584259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11367690563201904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6878321170806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26148502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488752","display_name":"Earth (classical element)","level":2,"score":0.6854932308197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6211974024772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018325918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663611","display_name":"Low earth orbit","level":3,"score":0.5906447768211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199301463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218414","display_name":"Medium Earth orbit","level":4,"score":0.5067921280860901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4558403193950653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154978347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1579577","display_name":"Geocentric orbit","level":3,"score":0.4101405739784241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3820968568325043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.3743841052055359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.3617445230484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24606174230575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.23076161742210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13091182708740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.12994110584259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11367690563201904}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978162","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W2104046556","https://openalex.org/W3016428523","https://openalex.org/W3054748417","https://openalex.org/W4306147972","https://openalex.org/W4362565683","https://openalex.org/W4391945833","https://openalex.org/W6682459407","https://openalex.org/W6776946873"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029760101","https://openalex.org/W2533269008","https://openalex.org/W1640258321","https://openalex.org/W4230641204","https://openalex.org/W4409839399","https://openalex.org/W2326410649","https://openalex.org/W2803360691","https://openalex.org/W3096861320","https://openalex.org/W2000356507","https://openalex.org/W2126188676"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,27],"complexity":[1],"of":[2,43,105,143],"routing":[3,51,90,95,108,130],"in":[4,140],"low":[5],"earth":[6],"orbit":[7],"satellite":[8,30,153],"networks":[9],"is":[10],"increasing":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,39,49,127],"higher":[14],"traffic":[15],"loads,":[16],"complex":[17],"network":[18,31],"architectures":[19],"and":[20,36,72,77,115,149],"their":[21],"integration":[22],"with":[23],"the":[24,37,47,103,106,119,141],"terrestrial":[25],"networks.":[26,155],"time":[28],"varying":[29],"topology,":[32],"inter-satellite":[33],"link":[34,145],"failures":[35],"necessity":[38],"satisfy":[40],"diverse":[41],"quality":[42],"service":[44],"requirements":[45],"demands":[46],"need":[48],"investigate":[50],"algorithms":[52],"that":[53,92],"can":[54],"fulfill":[55],"multiple":[56],"objectives.":[57],"Value":[58],"based":[59,89],"reinforcement":[60],"learning":[61,71,139],"methods":[62],"such":[63,137],"as":[64,138],"Q-learning":[65],"facilitate":[66],"a":[67,85,125],"mechanism":[68],"for":[69,110,151],"interaction,":[70],"decision":[73],"making":[74],"within":[75],"centralized":[76],"distributed":[78],"environments.":[79],"In":[80],"this":[81],"work,":[82],"we":[83,133],"design":[84],"constrained":[86],"deep":[87],"Q-network":[88],"algorithm":[91,109],"calculates":[93],"optimal":[94],"paths":[96],"by":[97],"ensuring":[98],"safe":[99],"exploration.":[100],"We":[101],"evaluate":[102],"performance":[104],"proposed":[107],"different":[111],"mesh":[112],"cluster":[113],"sizes":[114],"identify":[116],"conditions":[117],"where":[118],"constraints":[120],"cannot":[121],"be":[122],"satisfied,":[123],"necessitating":[124],"switch":[126],"rule-based":[128],"source":[129],"algorithms.":[131],"Furthermore,":[132],"discuss":[134],"resiliency":[135],"aspects":[136],"event":[142],"dynamic":[144],"failures,":[146],"computational":[147],"complexity,":[148],"scalability":[150],"large":[152],"constellation":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
