{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376478450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc55385.2023.10118848","title":"Federated Learning based Hierarchical 3D Indoor Localization","display_name":"Federated Learning based Hierarchical 3D Indoor Localization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376478450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc55385.2023.10118848"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc55385.2023.10118848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc55385.2023.10118848","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021704619","display_name":"Yaya Etiabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131560","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Mohammed VI Polytechnique","ror":"https://ror.org/03xc55g68","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131560"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yaya Etiabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohammed VI Polytechnic University,School of Computer Science,Benguerir,Morocco","School of Computer Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohammed VI Polytechnic University,School of Computer Science,Benguerir,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017265393","display_name":"Wafa Njima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8700-3161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122941322","display_name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur d'\u00c9lectronique de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/00yw34h52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122941322"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wafa Njima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Sup&#x00E9;rieur d&#x2019;Electronique de Paris,ISEP,Paris,France,75006"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Sup&#x00E9;rieur d&#x2019;Electronique de Paris,ISEP,Paris,France,75006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122941322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015886631","display_name":"El Mehdi Amhoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6630-5083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131560","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Mohammed VI Polytechnique","ror":"https://ror.org/03xc55g68","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131560"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"El Mehdi Amhoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohammed VI Polytechnic University,School of Computer Science,Benguerir,Morocco","School of Computer Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohammed VI Polytechnic University,School of Computer Science,Benguerir,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021704619"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131560"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6553,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90281238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8071183562278748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.8053011894226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6331810355186462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.619382917881012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.523885190486908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48469045758247375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4757392406463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.4581453204154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4461115300655365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4268163740634918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4199942946434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3513569235801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32828059792518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20251864194869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.12074089050292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.08932146430015564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8071183562278748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.8053011894226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6331810355186462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.619382917881012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.523885190486908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48469045758247375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4757392406463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.4581453204154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4461115300655365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4268163740634918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4199942946434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3513569235801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32828059792518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20251864194869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.12074089050292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.08932146430015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc55385.2023.10118848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc55385.2023.10118848","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05507618v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05507618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), Mar 2023, Glasgow, United Kingdom. pp.1-6, &#x27E8;10.1109/WCNC55385.2023.10118848&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1142712111","https://openalex.org/W1630879738","https://openalex.org/W2774684174","https://openalex.org/W2967881340","https://openalex.org/W3015609649","https://openalex.org/W3088918359","https://openalex.org/W3097072081","https://openalex.org/W3123264436","https://openalex.org/W3171206404","https://openalex.org/W3212781141","https://openalex.org/W4200424595","https://openalex.org/W4214559167","https://openalex.org/W4245653600","https://openalex.org/W4281477612","https://openalex.org/W4376455422","https://openalex.org/W6746752842","https://openalex.org/W6789226897","https://openalex.org/W6810361408","https://openalex.org/W6838732899"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298221930","https://openalex.org/W2365264209","https://openalex.org/W2777914285","https://openalex.org/W4378677776","https://openalex.org/W962203960","https://openalex.org/W3013363440","https://openalex.org/W2026999166","https://openalex.org/W4283072613","https://openalex.org/W4320017490","https://openalex.org/W4388093333"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,105],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,14,78,140,157,164],"connected":[3],"devices":[4,186],"in":[5,52,86,167],"indoor":[6,15,63,91],"environments":[7],"opens":[8],"the":[9,47,76,80,101,119,128,146,158,168,172,178,188],"floor":[10,137],"to":[11,35,99,124,127],"a":[12,55,66,87,112,134,153],"myriad":[13],"applications":[16],"with":[17,161],"positioning":[18,38],"services":[19],"as":[20,24,40,156],"key":[21],"enablers.":[22],"However,":[23],"privacy":[25],"issues":[26],"and":[27,84,89,136,142],"resource":[28],"constraints":[29],"arise,":[30],"it":[31],"becomes":[32],"more":[33,185],"challenging":[34],"design":[36],"accurate":[37],"systems":[39],"required":[41],"by":[42,110,122],"most":[43],"applications.":[44],"To":[45],"overcome":[46],"latter":[48],"challenges,":[49],"we":[50,71,94,116,150],"present":[51],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"federated":[56],"learning":[57,114],"(FL)":[58],"framework":[59,98],"for":[60],"hierarchical":[61,103,113],"3D":[62],"localization":[64,120,169],"using":[65],"deep":[67],"neural":[68],"network.":[69],"Indeed,":[70],"firstly":[72],"shed":[73],"light":[74],"on":[75],"prominence":[77],"exploiting":[79],"hierarchy":[81],"between":[82],"floors":[83],"buildings":[85],"multi-building":[88],"multi-floor":[90],"environment.":[92],"Then,":[93],"propose":[95],"an":[96,162],"FL":[97,148,179],"train":[100],"designed":[102],"model.":[104],"performance":[106],"evaluation":[107],"shows":[108],"that":[109,177],"adopting":[111],"scheme,":[115],"can":[117,151],"improve":[118],"accuracy":[121,139,181],"up":[123],"24.06%":[125],"compared":[126],"non-hierarchical":[129],"approach.":[130],"We":[131],"also":[132],"obtain":[133],"building":[135],"prediction":[138],"99.90%":[141],"94.87%":[143],"respectively.":[144],"With":[145],"proposed":[147],"framework,":[149],"achieve":[152],"near-performance":[154],"characteristic":[155],"central":[159],"training":[160],"increase":[163],"only":[165],"7.69%":[166],"error.":[170],"Moreover,":[171],"conducted":[173],"scalability":[174],"study":[175],"reveals":[176],"system":[180],"is":[182],"improved":[183],"when":[184],"join":[187],"training.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
