{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376480600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc55385.2023.10118831","title":"Measurement-based Command and Control Radio Channel Characterization for UAVs","display_name":"Measurement-based Command and Control Radio Channel Characterization for UAVs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376480600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc55385.2023.10118831"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc55385.2023.10118831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcnc55385.2023.10118831","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074417899","display_name":"Laura Bernad\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4816-7101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Bernad\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Center for Digital Safety and Security,Vienna,Austria","Center for Digital Safety and Security, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Center for Digital Safety and Security,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Safety and Security, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084838805","display_name":"David L\u00f6schenbrand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9165-8355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David L\u00f6schenbrand","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Center for Digital Safety and Security,Vienna,Austria","Center for Digital Safety and Security, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Center for Digital Safety and Security,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Safety and Security, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060375044","display_name":"Christoph Sulzbachner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Sulzbachner","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Center for Vision, Automation and Control,Vienna,Austria","Center for Vision, Automation and Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Center for Vision, Automation and Control,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Vision, Automation and Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068959521","display_name":"Felix Bruckm\u00fcller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Bruckm\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Center for Vision, Automation and Control,Vienna,Austria","Center for Vision, Automation and Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Center for Vision, Automation and Control,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Vision, Automation and Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037351216","display_name":"Thomas Zemen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Zemen","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Center for Digital Safety and Security,Vienna,Austria","Center for Digital Safety and Security, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Center for Digital Safety and Security,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Safety and Security, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.8249701261520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.7056952714920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6452819108963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5626271367073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.528958797454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.47693198919296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.47101128101348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.45624083280563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-signals","display_name":"GPS signals","score":0.431820273399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.41057950258255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.3000853955745697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24371960759162903}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.8249701261520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.7056952714920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6452819108963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5626271367073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.528958797454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.47693198919296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.47101128101348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.45624083280563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12957241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15903792","display_name":"GPS signals","level":4,"score":0.431820273399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.41057950258255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.3000853955745697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24371960759162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc55385.2023.10118831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcnc55385.2023.10118831","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323863","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1904495647","https://openalex.org/W2042534405","https://openalex.org/W2963580658","https://openalex.org/W2963638537","https://openalex.org/W2972393191","https://openalex.org/W3195746043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4248597968","https://openalex.org/W2054128315","https://openalex.org/W3144321796","https://openalex.org/W2081423440","https://openalex.org/W2126904819","https://openalex.org/W2560263173","https://openalex.org/W2386611723","https://openalex.org/W2366302590","https://openalex.org/W2074018451","https://openalex.org/W1485217504"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,15,72],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,19,40,47,62,77,91,117,121,124,134,154,161,174],"amount":[4],"of":[5,36,64,79,123,133],"unmanned":[6],"aerial":[7],"vehicle":[8],"(UAV)":[9],"based":[10],"applications":[11],"has":[12],"strongly":[13],"increased.":[14],"order":[16],"to":[17,52,119,142],"fly":[18],"UAVs":[20],"safely,":[21],"their":[22],"command":[23],"and":[24,30,43,86,164,181],"control":[25],"link":[26,141],"needs":[27],"a":[28,65,80,84,87,106,139,143],"reliable":[29],"robust":[31],"communication":[32],"channel.":[33],"A":[34],"line":[35],"sight":[37],"(LOS)":[38],"between":[39],"UAV":[41,44,85,135,162],"operator":[42],"is,":[45],"at":[46,101,153],"moment,":[48],"an":[49,54],"essential":[50],"requirement":[51],"guarantee":[53],"error-free":[55],"communication.":[56],"However,":[57],"even":[58,177],"in":[59,116,173,178],"LOS":[60,179],"conditions,":[61,180],"reception":[63],"constant":[66],"signal":[67,126],"level":[68],"is":[69],"not":[70],"assured.":[71],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"we":[75],"present":[76],"results":[78],"measurement":[81],"campaign":[82],"with":[83,97],"drone":[88],"moving":[89],"on":[90],"ground":[92,144],"that":[93,146,160],"were":[94,114,136],"electronically":[95],"tracked":[96],"simultaneous":[98],"dedicated":[99],"beams":[100],"3.2":[102],"GHz":[103],"coming":[104],"from":[105],"10":[107,170],"element":[108],"antenna":[109,155],"array.":[110],"Small":[111],"software-defined-radio":[112],"modules":[113],"integrated":[115],"drones":[118],"record":[120],"strength":[122],"received":[125,175],"when":[127],"moving.":[128],"The":[129],"instantaneous":[130],"GPS":[131],"coordinates":[132,151],"transmitted":[137],"via":[138],"4G":[140],"station":[145],"translated":[147],"them":[148],"into":[149],"spherical":[150],"used":[152],"array":[156],"side.":[157],"We":[158],"show":[159],"itself":[163],"its":[165],"flying":[166],"inclination":[167],"produce":[168],"around":[169],"dB":[171],"fluctuations":[172],"power,":[176],"therefore":[182],"shadowing":[183],"cannot":[184],"be":[185],"ignored.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
