{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280572893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc51071.2022.9771793","title":"Twin Variational Auto-Encoder for Representation Learning in IoT Intrusion Detection","display_name":"Twin Variational Auto-Encoder for Representation Learning in IoT Intrusion Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280572893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc51071.2022.9771793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc51071.2022.9771793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc51071.2022.9771793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607776","display_name":"2022 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015445287","display_name":"Phai Vu Dinh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5000-258X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177233841","display_name":"Vietnam National University, Hanoi","ror":"https://ror.org/02jmfj006","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177233841"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131359167","display_name":"Le Quy Don Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wgyjv21","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131359167"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU","VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Phai Vu Dinh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology,Sydney,Australia","Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam","School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia","JTIRC, VNU University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology,Sydney,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131359167"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"JTIRC, VNU University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177233841"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030957027","display_name":"Nguyen Quang Uy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131359167","display_name":"Le Quy Don Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wgyjv21","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131359167"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nguyen Quang Uy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Le Quy Don Technical University,Hanoi,Vietnam","Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Le Quy Don Technical University,Hanoi,Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131359167"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131359167"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697893","display_name":"Diep N. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2659-8648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diep N. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology,Sydney,Australia","School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology,Sydney,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007992576","display_name":"Dinh Thai Hoang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-0863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinh Thai Hoang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology,Sydney,Australia","School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology,Sydney,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000004841","display_name":"Son Pham Bao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177233841","display_name":"Vietnam National University, Hanoi","ror":"https://ror.org/02jmfj006","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177233841"]}],"countries":["AU","VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Son Pham Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology,Sydney,Australia","School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia","JTIRC, VNU University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology,Sydney,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"JTIRC, VNU University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177233841"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063537942","display_name":"Eryk Dutkiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-9286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eryk Dutkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology,Sydney,Australia","School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology,Sydney,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015445287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466","https://openalex.org/I131359167","https://openalex.org/I177233841"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0809,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71565628,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"848","last_page":"853"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9754999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8141821026802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.719304084777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.651183545589447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6333287358283997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.574905276298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5509700179100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.5497798919677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4660526216030121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45983240008354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3218855559825897}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8141821026802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.719304084777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.651183545589447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6333287358283997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.574905276298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5509700179100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.5497798919677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4660526216030121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45983240008354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3218855559825897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc51071.2022.9771793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc51071.2022.9771793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607776","display_name":"2022 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314235","display_name":"TED","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320967","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172260869","https://openalex.org/W1489073918","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2099940443","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2135143063","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2590373591","https://openalex.org/W2594717275","https://openalex.org/W2726408216","https://openalex.org/W2783741806","https://openalex.org/W2796704765","https://openalex.org/W2799758613","https://openalex.org/W2899653275","https://openalex.org/W2948978827","https://openalex.org/W2997279057","https://openalex.org/W2997574889","https://openalex.org/W3088238726","https://openalex.org/W3122864121","https://openalex.org/W3153872861","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6681096077","https://openalex.org/W6729448088","https://openalex.org/W6738543193","https://openalex.org/W6750852989","https://openalex.org/W7016021835"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2669956259","https://openalex.org/W4249005693","https://openalex.org/W4392946183","https://openalex.org/W3088732000","https://openalex.org/W2983142544","https://openalex.org/W2891059443","https://openalex.org/W4281663961","https://openalex.org/W3208888551","https://openalex.org/W4313561566","https://openalex.org/W3208386644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intrusion":[0],"detection":[1,63],"systems":[2],"(IDSs)":[3],"play":[4],"a":[5,14,36,48,60,68,83,93,133,172],"pivotal":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,114,231,238],"defending":[9],"IoT":[10,41,191,247],"systems.":[11],"However,":[12],"developing":[13],"robust":[15,61],"and":[16,25,87,151,183,190,203,221],"efficient":[17],"IDS":[18,189],"is":[19,102,112,154,167,185,214],"challenging":[20],"due":[21],"to":[22,58,118,254],"the":[23,97,100,105,108,121,127,130,137,140,143,147,176,199,207,232,239,246],"rapid":[24],"continuing":[26],"evolving":[27],"of":[28,31,39,99,107,124,129,139,159,181,201,218,229],"various":[29,227],"forms":[30],"cyber-attacks":[32],"as":[33,35,104,235,237],"well":[34,236],"massive":[37],"number":[38],"low-end":[40],"devices.":[42],"In":[43,142],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"we":[46,66],"introduce":[47],"novel":[49,69],"deep":[50],"learning":[51],"architecture":[52,72],"based":[53],"on":[54,175,210,245],"auto-encoders":[55],"that":[56,91,198],"allows":[57],"develop":[59],"intrusion":[62],"system.":[64],"Specifically,":[65],"propose":[67],"neural":[70],"network":[71,257],"called":[73],"Twin":[74,162],"Variational":[75,164],"Auto-Encoder":[76,85,89,165],"(TVAE)":[77],"for":[78],"representation":[79,123,135,145,177],"learning.":[80],"TVAE":[81,111,182,202,230,249],"includes":[82],"variational":[84],"(VAE)":[86],"an":[88,115],"(AE)":[90],"share":[92],"common":[94],"stage":[95],"where":[96],"decoder":[98],"VAE":[101,131,222],"used":[103],"encoder":[106],"AE.":[109,141],"The":[110,179,194],"trained":[113],"unsupervised":[116],"manner":[117],"effectively":[119],"transform":[120],"original":[122],"data":[125,153,240],"at":[126,136],"input":[128],"into":[132],"new":[134,144],"output":[138],"space,":[146],"difference":[148],"between":[149],"normal":[150],"attack":[152],"more":[155],"distinguishable.":[156],"A":[157],"variant":[158],"TVAE,":[160],"namely":[161],"Sparse":[163],"(TSVAE)":[166],"also":[168,225,251],"introduced":[169],"by":[170],"imposing":[171],"sparsity":[173],"constraint":[174],"units.":[178],"effectiveness":[180],"TSVAE":[184,204],"evaluated":[186],"using":[187],"popular":[188],"botnet":[192],"datasets.":[193],"simulation":[195],"results":[196,209],"show":[197],"accuracy":[200],"can":[205,250],"achieve":[206],"best":[208],"six":[211],"datasets,":[212],"which":[213],"higher":[215],"than":[216],"those":[217],"state-of-the-art":[219],"AE":[220],"variants.":[223],"We":[224],"investigate":[226],"characteristics":[228],"latent":[233],"space":[234],"extraction":[241],"process.":[242],"Besides":[243],"applications":[244],"IDS,":[248],"be":[252],"applicable":[253],"all":[255],"conventional":[256],"IDSs.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-16T23:07:24.559242","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
