{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3163420794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417580","title":"Resource Allocation in Multi-cell NOMA Systems with Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Resource Allocation in Multi-cell NOMA Systems with Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3163420794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417580","mag":"3163420794"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100417707","display_name":"Shichao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9264-5698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shichao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of Communications & Networking, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of Communications & Networking, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101790918","display_name":"Xiaoming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3472-7526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of Communications & Networking, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of Communications & Networking, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385412","display_name":"Yuhan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6653-613X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of Communications & Networking, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of Communications & Networking, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064295553","display_name":"Youyun Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4208-2783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youyun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of Communications & Networking, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of Communications & Networking, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100417707"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6016,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66232308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8536252975463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8251206874847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.7658095955848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcarrier","display_name":"Subcarrier","score":0.7416136860847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.7121487259864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6393530964851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-management","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","score":0.6039153933525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5323660373687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4931625723838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.46692702174186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-learning","display_name":"Q-learning","score":0.44476187229156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.31317952275276184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26632076501846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.2576811909675598}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8536252975463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8251206874847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.7658095955848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198329298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586358","display_name":"Subcarrier","level":4,"score":0.7416136860847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.7121487259864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6393530964851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6039153933525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5323660373687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4931625723838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.46692702174186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188116033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664563","display_name":"Q-learning","level":3,"score":0.44476187229156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.31317952275276184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26632076501846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.2576811909675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323268","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324856","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172933221","https://openalex.org/W2173248099","https://openalex.org/W2604427121","https://openalex.org/W2623431351","https://openalex.org/W2768629321","https://openalex.org/W2769456309","https://openalex.org/W2774086490","https://openalex.org/W2782709423","https://openalex.org/W2788115019","https://openalex.org/W2906930873","https://openalex.org/W2962841091","https://openalex.org/W2963658727","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W2963892071","https://openalex.org/W2969195240","https://openalex.org/W2996573650","https://openalex.org/W3102812201","https://openalex.org/W4299802797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3030525848","https://openalex.org/W4385197910","https://openalex.org/W2340639785","https://openalex.org/W3010814398","https://openalex.org/W4385197899","https://openalex.org/W3005957545","https://openalex.org/W2076432172","https://openalex.org/W3165611029","https://openalex.org/W2370038111","https://openalex.org/W4392158087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-orthogonal":[0],"multiple":[1],"access":[2,8],"(NOMA)":[3],"technology":[4],"can":[5],"meet":[6],"user":[7],"requirements":[9],"and":[10,23,60,87,129,136],"improve":[11],"system":[12,32],"capacity.":[13],"In":[14,69],"this":[15,65],"paper,":[16],"we":[17,72,103],"investigate":[18],"the":[19,35,41,83,105,112,119],"joint":[20],"subcarrier":[21,84],"assignment":[22,85],"power":[24,97],"allocation":[25,98,108],"problem":[26],"in":[27],"an":[28],"uplink":[29],"multi-cell":[30],"NOMA":[31,100],"to":[33,63,81,118],"maximize":[34],"energy":[36],"efficiency":[37],"(EE)":[38],"while":[39],"ensuring":[40],"minimum":[42],"data":[43],"rate":[44],"of":[45,99,114],"all":[46],"users.":[47],"We":[48],"propose":[49],"a":[50,74],"multi-agent":[51,89],"deep":[52,75,90],"reinforcement":[53],"learning":[54],"(MADRL)":[55],"method":[56,126],"with":[57,78],"centralized":[58,135],"training":[59],"distributed":[61,137],"execution":[62],"solve":[64],"dynamic":[66],"optimization":[67],"problem.":[68],"our":[70,125],"method,":[71],"design":[73],"q-network":[76],"(DQN)":[77],"parameter":[79],"sharing":[80],"generate":[82],"policy,":[86],"use":[88],"deterministic":[91],"policy":[92,109],"gradient":[93],"(MADDPG)":[94],"network":[95],"for":[96],"user.":[101],"Finally,":[102],"adjust":[104],"entire":[106],"resource":[107],"by":[110],"updating":[111],"parameters":[113],"neural":[115],"networks":[116],"according":[117],"reward.":[120],"The":[121],"simulation":[122],"shows":[123],"that":[124],"has":[127],"better":[128],"more":[130],"stable":[131],"sum":[132],"EE":[133],"than":[134],"methods.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
