{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158289850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417577","title":"Three-Dimensional Cooperative Positioning for VANETs with AOA Measurements","display_name":"Three-Dimensional Cooperative Positioning for VANETs with AOA Measurements","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158289850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417577","mag":"3158289850"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417577","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034361059","display_name":"Xianbo Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianbo Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056511292","display_name":"Shengchu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0876-8842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengchu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034361059"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3008,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54750248,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.7136407494544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6878831386566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.6723915338516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euler-angles","display_name":"Euler angles","score":0.6611998677253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.5959234237670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5522687435150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.4942150413990021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.45263588428497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairing","display_name":"Pairing","score":0.4206075072288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3254321813583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.30360597372055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22367489337921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10981205105781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1083594262599945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.7136407494544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6878831386566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6723915338516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146160929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751290","display_name":"Euler angles","level":2,"score":0.6611998677253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.5959234237670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5522687435150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4942150413990021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.45263588428497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14103023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681459","display_name":"Pairing","level":3,"score":0.4206075072288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3254321813583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.30360597372055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22367489337921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10981205105781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1083594262599945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54101563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131","display_name":"Superconductivity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417577","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583936024","https://openalex.org/W1609993221","https://openalex.org/W2012197287","https://openalex.org/W2026933032","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2103502106","https://openalex.org/W2106408168","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2166670884","https://openalex.org/W2364574607","https://openalex.org/W2474296258","https://openalex.org/W2534882555","https://openalex.org/W2961174795","https://openalex.org/W2962292262","https://openalex.org/W2963706687","https://openalex.org/W2998994308","https://openalex.org/W4292403327","https://openalex.org/W6635087183"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3015473028","https://openalex.org/W3201176751","https://openalex.org/W2057898405","https://openalex.org/W2029180842","https://openalex.org/W2051379014","https://openalex.org/W2953807518","https://openalex.org/W1993094293","https://openalex.org/W2258335979","https://openalex.org/W2890366349","https://openalex.org/W2360557307"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"positioning":[3],"performances":[4],"of":[5,134,142],"vehicular":[6],"ad-hoc":[7],"networks":[8],"(VANETs)":[9],"are":[10,27,52,80,91,108,127],"significantly":[11,161],"enhanced":[12,162],"by":[13,58,72,82,129],"cooperative":[14],"localization":[15],"(CL)":[16],"based":[17,29],"on":[18,30],"the":[19,49,60,88,93,131,135,140,151],"three":[20],"dimensional":[21],"(3D)":[22],"angle-of-arrival":[23],"(AOA)":[24],"measurements.":[25],"Localizers":[26],"proposed":[28,152],"generalized":[31,65],"approximate":[32],"message":[33],"passing":[34],"(GAMP),":[35],"which":[36,126],"works":[37],"under":[38],"(un-)known":[39],"Euler":[40,50,89,106],"rotation":[41],"angles,":[42],"and":[43,69,105,115],"\u03c0/2\u03c0-periodic":[44],"azimuth":[45],"AOAs.":[46],"Firstly,":[47],"when":[48,87],"angles":[51,90,107],"known,":[53],"GAMP":[54,113],"localizer":[55],"is":[56,98],"obtained":[57,128],"categorizing":[59],"AOACL":[61],"problem":[62],"as":[63],"a":[64],"linear":[66],"mixing":[67],"one,":[68],"then":[70],"resolved":[71],"GAMP,":[73,101],"whose":[74],"mean-and-variance":[75],"messages":[76],"involving":[77],"3D":[78],"AOAs":[79],"evaluated":[81],"importance":[83],"sampling":[84],"technique.":[85],"Secondly,":[86],"unknown,":[92],"expectation":[94],"maximization":[95],"(EM)":[96],"framework":[97],"combined":[99],"with":[100,139,164],"where":[102],"vehicle":[103,136],"positions":[104],"alternatively":[109],"updated":[110],"through":[111],"one-step":[112],"iteration":[114],"maximizing":[116],"conditional":[117],"probability":[118],"distribution":[119],"functions":[120],"(pdfs)":[121],"expected":[122],"over":[123],"hybrid":[124],"variables,":[125],"subtracting":[130],"xyz":[132],"position":[133,141],"receiving":[137],"measurements":[138],"its":[143],"pairing":[144],"neighbor,":[145],"respectively.":[146],"Simulation":[147],"results":[148],"validate":[149],"that":[150],"localizers":[153],"outperform":[154],"existing":[155],"localizers.":[156],"Positioning":[157],"accuracy":[158],"can":[159],"be":[160],"compared":[163],"global":[165],"navigation":[166],"satellite":[167],"system":[168],"(GNSS).":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}