{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158601368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417557","title":"A Molecular Spatio-Temporal Modulation Scheme for MIMO Communications","display_name":"A Molecular Spatio-Temporal Modulation Scheme for MIMO Communications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158601368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417557","mag":"3158601368"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417557","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417557","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014757499","display_name":"Yuankun Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5762-1201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuankun Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","South China University of Technology,School of Electronic and Information Engineering,GuangZhou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology,School of Electronic and Information Engineering,GuangZhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001359020","display_name":"Yu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9062-6239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","South China University of Technology,School of Electronic and Information Engineering,GuangZhou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology,School of Electronic and Information Engineering,GuangZhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065457510","display_name":"Miaowen Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-7048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miaowen Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329747","display_name":"Lie\u2010Liang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-9327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lie-Liang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","[University of Southampton, School of Electronics and Computer Science, Southampton, U.K.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Southampton, School of Electronics and Computer Science, Southampton, U.K.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079863632","display_name":"Chan\u2010Byoung Chae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9561-3341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan-Byoung Chae","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, South Korea","Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University,School of Integrated Technology,South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University,School of Integrated Technology,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014757499"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6684,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64296533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7965438365936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-communication","display_name":"Molecular communication","score":0.7714911103248596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5939568281173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5683493614196777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.520012617111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.512787401676178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.4444811940193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","score":0.43936416506767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4346107840538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.43235501646995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4263724386692047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4249502420425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3561728000640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3246946632862091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2097722589969635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19781571626663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16727709770202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.07594725489616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.06230899691581726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7965438365936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779767902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17037278","display_name":"Molecular communication","level":4,"score":0.7714911103248596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5939568281173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5683493614196777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.520012617111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.512787401676178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.4444811940193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70836080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837940","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43936416506767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4346107840538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.43235501646995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4263724386692047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4249502420425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3561728000640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3246946632862091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2097722589969635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19781571626663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16727709770202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.07594725489616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.06230899691581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417557","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417557","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324856","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326444","display_name":"Nova","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1667165204","https://openalex.org/W1872834868","https://openalex.org/W1993479987","https://openalex.org/W2047272490","https://openalex.org/W2063819584","https://openalex.org/W2079060431","https://openalex.org/W2108356704","https://openalex.org/W2117280119","https://openalex.org/W2125287028","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2168002711","https://openalex.org/W2169061810","https://openalex.org/W2171125625","https://openalex.org/W2258585859","https://openalex.org/W2621135414","https://openalex.org/W2793650802","https://openalex.org/W2808930142","https://openalex.org/W2884143675","https://openalex.org/W2897153938","https://openalex.org/W2962833680","https://openalex.org/W2963873962","https://openalex.org/W2999871399","https://openalex.org/W3036177523","https://openalex.org/W3048248372","https://openalex.org/W3099055522","https://openalex.org/W3100991707","https://openalex.org/W3106133278","https://openalex.org/W4246579642","https://openalex.org/W4301253858","https://openalex.org/W6677978351"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2893995248","https://openalex.org/W2085207364","https://openalex.org/W2148868771","https://openalex.org/W2901356766","https://openalex.org/W2408534990","https://openalex.org/W1993069619","https://openalex.org/W2018164385","https://openalex.org/W2003011219","https://openalex.org/W2785337709","https://openalex.org/W2919167754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,66],"molecular":[1,71,75],"communication":[2],"via":[3],"diffusion":[4],"(MCvD),":[5],"information":[6,108],"is":[7,84,109,121,128,143],"conveyed":[8],"by":[9,95],"diffusing":[10],"molecules.":[11],"MCvD":[12,64,88,154],"enjoys":[13],"high":[14],"energy":[15],"efficiency":[16],"but":[17],"suffers":[18],"from":[19],"low":[20],"date":[21],"rates":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,44,90],"the":[25,29,36,47,56,81,92,124,135,140,151],"long":[26],"tail":[27],"of":[28,62],"channel":[30,105],"impulse":[31,106],"response.":[32],"To":[33],"this":[34,67],"end,":[35],"multiple-input":[37],"multiple-output":[38],"(MIMO)":[39],"technique":[40],"has":[41],"been":[42],"introduced":[43],"MCvD.":[45],"However,":[46],"inter-symbol":[48],"interference":[49,53],"(ISI)":[50],"and":[51,98,137],"inter-link":[52],"(ILI)":[54],"deteriorate":[55],"bit":[57],"error":[58],"rate":[59],"(BER)":[60],"performance":[61,94],"MIMO":[63,87,153],"systems.":[65],"paper,":[68],"a":[69,112,144],"novel":[70],"modulation":[72,147,155],"scheme,":[73],"called":[74],"type":[76],"permutation":[77],"shift":[78],"keying":[79],"in":[80],"spatio-temporal":[82],"domain,":[83],"proposed":[85,141],"for":[86],"systems":[89],"improve":[91],"BER":[93,125,133],"combating":[96],"ILI":[97,120],"ISI.":[99],"A":[100],"low-complexity":[101],"detector":[102],"without":[103],"requiring":[104],"response":[107],"proposed.":[110],"Furthermore,":[111],"complementary":[113],"coding":[114],"scheme":[115,142],"that":[116,139],"can":[117],"effectively":[118],"reduce":[119],"designed.":[122],"Additionally,":[123],"upper":[126],"bound":[127],"analyzed.":[129],"Numerical":[130],"simulations":[131],"on":[132],"corroborate":[134],"analysis":[136],"show":[138],"promising":[145],"multi-molecule":[146],"alternative,":[148],"which":[149],"outperforms":[150],"existing":[152],"schemes.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
