{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158916234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417556","title":"5G Positioning Using Code-Phase Timing Recovery","display_name":"5G Positioning Using Code-Phase Timing Recovery","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158916234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417556","mag":"3158916234"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/151631/2/5G%20Positioning%20Using%20Code-Phase%20Timing%20Recovery.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101031458","display_name":"Chengming Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengming Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078547899","display_name":"Ian Bajaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1605-4604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Bajaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100643414","display_name":"Kai Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-3410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046850399","display_name":"Wee Peng Tay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1543-195X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wee Peng Tay","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017456876","display_name":"Keck Voon Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9293-9394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keck Voon Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7783809304237366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcarrier","display_name":"Subcarrier","score":0.7426211833953857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6600247621536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.6487975716590881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5700674653053284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5436230897903442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.48448917269706726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4461207091808319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3767205476760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1558632254600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1240009069442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0904158353805542}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7783809304237366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198329298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586358","display_name":"Subcarrier","level":4,"score":0.7426211833953857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6600247621536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.6487975716590881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5700674653053284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5436230897903442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.48448917269706726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4461207091808319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3767205476760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1558632254600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1240009069442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0904158353805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/151631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/151631","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/151631/2/5G%20Positioning%20Using%20Code-Phase%20Timing%20Recovery.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/151631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/151631","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/151631/2/5G%20Positioning%20Using%20Code-Phase%20Timing%20Recovery.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3158916234.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3158916234.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1826025023","https://openalex.org/W2029562173","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2117485523","https://openalex.org/W2119857453","https://openalex.org/W2128131274","https://openalex.org/W2154621370","https://openalex.org/W2776656643","https://openalex.org/W2790513312","https://openalex.org/W2806275021","https://openalex.org/W2906229647","https://openalex.org/W2963830578","https://openalex.org/W2964060007","https://openalex.org/W2964265032","https://openalex.org/W2989893595","https://openalex.org/W2993862641","https://openalex.org/W4252279144"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3196951721","https://openalex.org/W3128345581","https://openalex.org/W2268836976","https://openalex.org/W2015165035","https://openalex.org/W2146735457","https://openalex.org/W2998796078","https://openalex.org/W2135548340","https://openalex.org/W122743011","https://openalex.org/W1582868249","https://openalex.org/W1984294707"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,87],"facilitate":[1],"5G-based":[2],"positioning":[3,172],"applications,":[4],"Release":[5,53],"16":[6,54],"of":[7,26,93],"the":[8,14,47,62,80,89,94,110,118,157,161,170],"3GPP":[9],"5G":[10,50,98,111,177],"standard":[11],"has":[12],"defined":[13],"Positioning":[15],"Reference":[16],"Signal":[17],"(PRS),":[18],"which":[19,75,168],"can":[20,138,155],"be":[21],"used":[22],"to":[23,43,116],"measure":[24],"Time":[25],"Arrival":[27],"(TOA)":[28],"for":[29,56,72],"downlink":[30],"positioning.":[31],"However,":[32],"Orthogonal":[33],"Frequency":[34],"Division":[35],"Multiplexing":[36],"(OFDM)":[37],"signals":[38],"are":[39,76,164],"sensitive":[40],"and":[41,122],"vulnerable":[42],"synchronization":[44],"errors.":[45],"Moreover,":[46],"highly":[48],"configurable":[49],"PRS":[51,112,158],"in":[52,79],"calls":[55],"a":[57,103,130,150,175],"unique":[58],"allocation":[59],"pattern":[60],"on":[61],"subcarriers.":[63],"Existing":[64],"timing":[65,90,105,140],"recovery":[66,91,106],"methods":[67],"that":[68,137,154],"have":[69],"been":[70],"employed":[71],"reference":[73],"signals,":[74],"evenly":[77],"inserted":[78],"subcarrier":[81],"symbols,":[82],"may":[83],"not":[84],"perform":[85],"well.":[86],"solve":[88],"issue":[92],"OFDM":[95],"signal":[96],"through":[97],"standard-compliant":[99,176],"PRS,":[100],"we":[101,148],"propose":[102,129],"three-stage":[104],"scheme.":[107],"We":[108,128],"use":[109],"as":[113],"pilot":[114],"symbols":[115],"estimate":[117],"path":[119,132],"time":[120,133],"delay":[121,134],"complete":[123],"receiver":[124],"sampling":[125],"clock":[126],"synchronization.":[127],"generalized":[131],"estimation":[135],"method":[136],"correct":[139],"errors":[141,163],"larger":[142],"than":[143],"one":[144,166],"sample.":[145],"In":[146],"addition,":[147],"incorporate":[149],"delay-locked":[151],"loop":[152],"(DLL)":[153],"track":[156],"code-phase":[159],"when":[160],"phase":[162],"within":[165],"sample,":[167],"showcases":[169],"precise":[171],"possible":[173],"with":[174],"New":[178],"Radio":[179],"(NR)":[180],"signal.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
