{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157646196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417484","title":"Light-based Internet of Things: Implementation of an Optically Connected Energy-autonomous Node","display_name":"Light-based Internet of Things: Implementation of an Optically Connected Energy-autonomous Node","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157646196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417484","mag":"3157646196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417484","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016463841","display_name":"Amila Perera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-8350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amila Perera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081397455","display_name":"Marcos Katz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9901-5023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcos Katz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088546755","display_name":"Roshan Godaliyadda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3495-481X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111199411","display_name":"University of Peradeniya","ror":"https://ror.org/025h79t26","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roshan Godaliyadda","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054871443","display_name":"Juha H\u00e4kkinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2850-4414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Hakkinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078900009","display_name":"Esko Str\u00f6mmer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esko Strommer","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016463841"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6043,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83032871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7610431909561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.7167873382568359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.7143712043762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6075565218925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5250841379165649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4900592565536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.44130876660346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.43605679273605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.39342963695526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2348232865333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18119415640830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.17000409960746765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1197735071182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.08040726184844971}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7610431909561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7167873382568359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.7143712043762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6075565218925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5250841379165649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4900592565536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.44130876660346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.43605679273605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.39342963695526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2348232865333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18119415640830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17000409960746765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1197735071182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.08040726184844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417484","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oulu.fi:nbnfi-fe2021111154654","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2021111154654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400284","display_name":"University of Oulu Repository (University of Oulu)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","host_organization_name":"University of Oulu","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975135938","https://openalex.org/W2074708624","https://openalex.org/W2090099721","https://openalex.org/W2128401319","https://openalex.org/W2737224927","https://openalex.org/W2766067144","https://openalex.org/W2766177307","https://openalex.org/W2801490644","https://openalex.org/W2805762562","https://openalex.org/W2887120874","https://openalex.org/W2914364615","https://openalex.org/W2922746226","https://openalex.org/W2966846775","https://openalex.org/W2981587265","https://openalex.org/W2995521703","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2501797479","https://openalex.org/W2997630107","https://openalex.org/W3109516991","https://openalex.org/W2291056487","https://openalex.org/W2395898055","https://openalex.org/W2779101090","https://openalex.org/W2289948051","https://openalex.org/W3081944688","https://openalex.org/W3096625689","https://openalex.org/W3196531682"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,93],"the":[1,5,39,52,76,84,90,94,107],"near":[2],"future,":[3,95],"with":[4],"development":[6],"of":[7,13,78,89],"5G":[8],"NR,":[9],"a":[10,48,58,66],"massive":[11],"number":[12],"IoT":[14,44,71,91,97],"nodes":[15,98],"are":[16],"expected":[17],"to":[18,82,111,117],"come":[19],"online.":[20],"Acquiring":[21],"bandwidth":[22],"from":[23],"an":[24,62],"overcrowded":[25],"licensed":[26],"radio":[27],"frequency":[28],"spectrum":[29],"as":[30,32],"well":[31],"overcoming":[33],"battery":[34],"life":[35],"constraints":[36],"will":[37,114],"become":[38],"main":[40],"challenges":[41],"for":[42,51,65],"these":[43],"based":[45],"devices.":[46],"As":[47],"promising":[49],"solution":[50],"above":[53],"challenges,":[54],"this":[55],"work":[56,74],"provides":[57],"feasibility":[59],"study":[60],"and":[61,87],"implementation":[63],"framework":[64],"visible":[67],"light":[68],"communication-based":[69],"energy-autonomous":[70,96],"node.":[72,92],"This":[73],"proposes":[75],"use":[77],"printed":[79],"electronic":[80],"technology":[81],"minimize":[83],"physical":[85],"characteristics":[86],"cost":[88],"could":[99],"be":[100,115],"available":[101],"virtually":[102],"on":[103],"any":[104],"surface.":[105],"Whenever":[106],"node":[108],"is":[109],"exposed":[110],"light,":[112],"it":[113],"connected":[116],"internet.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}