{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157771533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417332","title":"Performance Analysis of K-Tier Ultra-Dense Networks over Nakagami-m Fading Channels","display_name":"Performance Analysis of K-Tier Ultra-Dense Networks over Nakagami-m Fading Channels","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157771533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417332","mag":"3157771533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417332","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112212992","display_name":"Donglai Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2307-6695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Donglai Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367467","display_name":"Gang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4088-0009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101740553","display_name":"Shaobo Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-6699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaobo Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371683","display_name":"Ruoyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4105-5310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruoyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112212992"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1003,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40385677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.8166069984436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nakagami-distribution","display_name":"Nakagami distribution","score":0.7818830013275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.6346162557601929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6251554489135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6121186017990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio","score":0.5789831876754761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.5625836849212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.45064032077789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40487140417099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3750593364238739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3179130554199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2540668249130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25176143646240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.22177010774612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.14051181077957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.10135865211486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08780142664909363}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.8166069984436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115098869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3258347","display_name":"Nakagami distribution","level":4,"score":0.7818830013275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.6346162557601929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6251554489135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6121186017990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98824394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4035626","display_name":"Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio","level":3,"score":0.5789831876754761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.5625836849212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.45064032077789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40487140417099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3750593364238739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3179130554199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2540668249130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25176143646240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.22177010774612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.14051181077957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.10135865211486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08780142664909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417332","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W628685110","https://openalex.org/W635250944","https://openalex.org/W1990810841","https://openalex.org/W1999509241","https://openalex.org/W2006166592","https://openalex.org/W2034420299","https://openalex.org/W2149170915","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2398409936","https://openalex.org/W2545053579","https://openalex.org/W2565934864","https://openalex.org/W2913639666","https://openalex.org/W2963217863","https://openalex.org/W3006695592","https://openalex.org/W3008609509","https://openalex.org/W3101445254","https://openalex.org/W6620556582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985655499","https://openalex.org/W1964137838","https://openalex.org/W2780304656","https://openalex.org/W2020749775","https://openalex.org/W1871594675","https://openalex.org/W2952796263","https://openalex.org/W87902424","https://openalex.org/W2328362891","https://openalex.org/W2157590848","https://openalex.org/W2741389999"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultra-dense":[0],"network":[1],"(UDN)":[2],"is":[3,114,120,140,159,166],"emerging":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,35,56,75,111,156],"promising":[7],"technology":[8],"to":[9,25,122,168],"satisfy":[10],"the":[11,17,48,68,82,103,124,130,137,170,175],"explosive":[12],"data":[13],"traffic":[14],"requirement":[15],"in":[16,46,95],"fifth":[18],"generation":[19],"wireless":[20],"communication":[21],"systems.":[22],"In":[23],"order":[24],"facilitate":[26],"system":[27,127],"design":[28],"and":[29,60],"evaluate":[30],"performance,":[31],"this":[32],"paper":[33],"develops":[34],"tractable":[36],"analysis":[37],"framework":[38],"of":[39,52,71,88,126,155,182],"K-tier":[40],"UDNs":[41,89],"over":[42],"Nakagami-m":[43,96],"fading":[44,92,97,105],"channels,":[45],"which":[47,118],"base":[49],"stations":[50],"(BSs)":[51],"each":[53,100],"tier":[54,101],"have":[55],"particular":[57],"spatial":[58],"density":[59],"transmit":[61],"power.":[62],"Using":[63],"stochastic":[64],"geometry,":[65],"we":[66],"derive":[67],"closed-form":[69],"expression":[70,80,109],"coverage":[72,131,183],"probability":[73],"for":[74,143],"typical":[76,157],"user.":[77],"The":[78,107,133,151],"analytical":[79],"reveals":[81],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[83],"ratio":[84],"(SINR)":[85],"invariance":[86],"property":[87],"with":[90,110,179],"Rayleigh":[91],"also":[93,115,160],"holds":[94],"scenario":[98],"when":[99],"has":[102],"same":[104],"parameter.":[106],"asymptotic":[108,138],"simple":[112],"form":[113,139],"provided,":[116],"from":[117],"it":[119],"convenient":[121],"observe":[123],"effects":[125],"parameters":[128],"on":[129],"probability.":[132,184],"simulation":[134],"results":[135],"verify":[136],"very":[141],"accurate":[142],"moderate":[144],"SINR":[145,172],"targets,":[146],"e.g.,":[147],"above":[148],"5":[149],"dB.":[150],"average":[152,176],"outage":[153,177],"rate":[154,178],"user":[158],"provided.":[161],"Furthermore,":[162],"an":[163],"effective":[164],"algorithm":[165],"proposed":[167],"find":[169],"optimal":[171],"threshold,":[173],"maximizing":[174],"appropriate":[180],"requirements":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}