{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161090886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417270","title":"Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces for MIMO Communications in LoS Environments","display_name":"Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces for MIMO Communications in LoS Environments","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161090886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417270","mag":"3161090886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417270","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-84182","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062541012","display_name":"Emad Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-3240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emad Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lule&#x00E5; University of Technology,Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering,Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lule&#x00E5; University of Technology,Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078888826","display_name":"Rickard Nilsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-4826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rickard Nilsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lule&#x00E5; University of Technology,Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering,Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lule&#x00E5; University of Technology,Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041233427","display_name":"Jaap van de Beek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8647-436X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaap van de Beek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lule&#x00E5; University of Technology,Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering,Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lule&#x00E5; University of Technology,Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062541012"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79609077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9675999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8205357193946838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.761891782283783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.6675837635993958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6621018648147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5259808897972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.508110523223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4514141380786896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.44901037216186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.43822142481803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.43709057569503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.43523848056793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.41644224524497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.35217827558517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3301340937614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3154338002204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3098788261413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.23735284805297852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.23616233468055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.223227858543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20077839493751526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8205357193946838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.761891782283783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.6675837635993958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6621018648147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5259808897972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.508110523223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4514141380786896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.44901037216186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.43822142481803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.43709057569503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.43523848056793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.41644224524497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.35217827558517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3301340937614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3154338002204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3098788261413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.23735284805297852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.23616233468055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.223227858543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20077839493751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417270","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:ltu-84182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-84182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:ltu-84182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-84182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996030687","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2128865660","https://openalex.org/W2478927648","https://openalex.org/W2891354184","https://openalex.org/W2937693915","https://openalex.org/W2945534522","https://openalex.org/W2948573205","https://openalex.org/W2953226670","https://openalex.org/W2957999606","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2981792785","https://openalex.org/W2995220356","https://openalex.org/W3000577820","https://openalex.org/W3006557588","https://openalex.org/W3006962285","https://openalex.org/W3015518827","https://openalex.org/W3017311957","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3080743182","https://openalex.org/W3099769502","https://openalex.org/W3100075210","https://openalex.org/W3208383956","https://openalex.org/W4255333822","https://openalex.org/W6765565215"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950721519","https://openalex.org/W1030714881","https://openalex.org/W2944897482","https://openalex.org/W2128315032","https://openalex.org/W2036800514","https://openalex.org/W2336268344","https://openalex.org/W2097396380","https://openalex.org/W4282945775","https://openalex.org/W2162065658","https://openalex.org/W2108246702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,23],"line-of-sight":[1],"(LoS)":[2],"environments,":[3],"point-to-point":[4],"(P2P)":[5],"multiple-input":[6],"multiple-output":[7],"(MIMO)":[8],"channel":[9,82,129,163],"matrix":[10,96],"turns":[11],"out":[12],"to":[13,36,79,114,125,137],"be":[14,98],"rank":[15,160],"deficient":[16],"such":[17,48],"that":[18,49,58,145],"spatial":[19,172],"multiplexing":[20,173],"becomes":[21],"unattainable.":[22],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"we":[26,108,121],"propose":[27,122],"the":[28,60,64,81,85,93,127,138,146,159,162,167],"deployment":[29,62,147],"of":[30,45,52,63,89,148,161],"distributed":[31,149],"intelligent":[32],"reflecting":[33],"surfaces":[34],"(IRSs)":[35],"act":[37],"as":[38],"artificial":[39],"scatterers":[40],"and":[41,92,165],"synthesize":[42],"a":[43,69,73,103,117],"sort":[44],"multi-path":[46],"propagation":[47],"additional":[50],"degrees":[51],"freedom":[53],"are":[54],"created.":[55],"We":[56],"show":[57,144],"given":[59],"far-field":[61],"IRS,":[65],"it":[66],"simply":[67],"resembles":[68],"full-duplex":[70],"relay":[71],"with":[72,151],"single":[74],"effective":[75,86],"reflection":[76,87],"coefficient.":[77],"However,":[78],"maximize":[80],"capacity":[83],"both":[84],"coefficients":[88],"all":[90],"IRSs":[91,150],"transmit":[94],"covariance":[95],"should":[97],"jointly":[99],"optimized,":[100],"which":[101,131],"is":[102],"nonconvex":[104],"optimization":[105,112],"problem.":[106],"Thus,":[107],"develop":[109],"an":[110,135],"alternating":[111],"algorithm":[113],"iteratively":[115],"find":[116],"sub-optimal":[118],"solution.":[119],"Moreover,":[120],"different":[123],"schemes":[124],"enhance":[126],"composite":[128],"power":[130],"would":[132],"result":[133],"in":[134,155],"improvement":[136],"achievable":[139,168],"rate.":[140],"Our":[141],"simulation":[142],"results":[143],"P2P":[152],"MIMO":[153],"systems":[154],"LoS":[156],"environments":[157],"increases":[158],"matrix,":[164],"improves":[166],"rate":[169],"by":[170],"making":[171],"possible.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
