{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982692969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2019.8885825","title":"Beam Broadening for 5G Millimeter Wave Systems","display_name":"Beam Broadening for 5G Millimeter Wave Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982692969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2019.8885825","mag":"2982692969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2019.8885825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2019.8885825","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088002636","display_name":"Ahmed Elshafiy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Elshafiy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057753345","display_name":"Ashwin Sampath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6117-1497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111675","display_name":"Market Matters","ror":"https://ror.org/021yan307","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111675"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashwin Sampath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mixcomm Inc., Chatham, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mixcomm Inc., Chatham, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111675"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9687,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7689457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7834210395812988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7380585074424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.5737136006355286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5349527597427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.49829721450805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.47367244958877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4568096697330475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-beamformer","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","score":0.42168647050857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4213923215866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4125683009624481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32907161116600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24637892842292786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2179575264453888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19462645053863525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7834210395812988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7380585074424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.5737136006355286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5349527597427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.49829721450805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.47367244958877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4568096697330475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33378366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680719","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","level":3,"score":0.42168647050857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4213923215866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4125683009624481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32907161116600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24637892842292786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2179575264453888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19462645053863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2019.8885825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2019.8885825","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35651078","https://openalex.org/W2035072927","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2075184363","https://openalex.org/W2082595613","https://openalex.org/W2082709304","https://openalex.org/W2085919628","https://openalex.org/W2101945317","https://openalex.org/W2104185379","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2128523464","https://openalex.org/W2165518466","https://openalex.org/W2168560639","https://openalex.org/W2239864376","https://openalex.org/W2343448572","https://openalex.org/W2605344455","https://openalex.org/W2770880660","https://openalex.org/W3105281589","https://openalex.org/W4241910220","https://openalex.org/W6786029248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2009075871","https://openalex.org/W2132841313","https://openalex.org/W2105408150","https://openalex.org/W1976800395","https://openalex.org/W2606661315","https://openalex.org/W3110590130","https://openalex.org/W2548445082","https://openalex.org/W4287562279","https://openalex.org/W2504274537"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fifth":[0],"generation":[1],"(5G)":[2],"wireless":[3],"systems":[4,23],"will":[5],"use":[6],"higher":[7,20],"frequency":[8],"bands":[9],"(24GHz-70GHz),":[10],"the":[11,35,117],"so-called":[12],"millimeter":[13],"wave":[14],"frequencies":[15],"in":[16,46,50,105],"order":[17],"to":[18,33,57,100,107],"achieve":[19],"capacity.":[21],"These":[22],"rely":[24],"on":[25,89],"using":[26],"large":[27,36],"antenna":[28],"arrays":[29],"and":[30,54,76],"narrow":[31],"beamforming":[32,40],"counter":[34],"path-loss":[37],"experienced.":[38],"Narrow":[39],"maximizes":[41],"array":[42],"gain":[43,104,119],"but":[44],"results":[45,97],"a":[47,70,84],"significant":[48],"increase":[49],"beam":[51,109],"management":[52],"complexity,":[53],"is":[55,94,113,120],"sensitive":[56],"channel":[58],"dynamics":[59],"as":[60],"well.":[61],"This,":[62],"in-turn":[63],"attracted":[64],"attention":[65],"towards":[66],"beam-broadening":[67,86],"algorithms,":[68],"where":[69],"trade-off":[71],"between":[72],"high":[73],"transmission":[74],"quality":[75],"robustness":[77],"can":[78],"be":[79],"achieved.":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82],"paper,":[83],"novel":[85],"algorithm":[87],"based":[88],"Sequential":[90],"Quadratic":[91],"Programming":[92],"(SQP)":[93],"proposed.":[95],"Numerical":[96],"show":[98],"up":[99],"3":[101],"dB":[102],"performance":[103,118],"comparison":[106],"competing":[108],"broadening":[110],"algorithms.":[111],"It":[112],"worth":[114],"noting":[115],"that":[116],"achieved":[121],"at":[122],"no":[123],"additional":[124],"cost.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}