{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807808609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2018.8377388","title":"Modeling and performance analysis of multihop underwater optical wireless sensor networks","display_name":"Modeling and performance analysis of multihop underwater optical wireless sensor networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807808609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2018.8377388","mag":"2807808609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2018.8377388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2018.8377388","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034034574","display_name":"Abdulkadir \u00c7elik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9007-9979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdulkadir Celik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KSA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042602326","display_name":"Nasir Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-5139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasir Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KSA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066119580","display_name":"Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6955-4720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KSA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KSA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034034574"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7516,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98639373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless","display_name":"Optical wireless","score":0.7258220911026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7067317366600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6486980319023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustic-communication","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","score":0.604658842086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.5368720889091492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5341815948486328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.5024056434631348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.4920908808708191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4689834713935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.43279367685317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.42649608850479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4230788052082062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4187614619731903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35515809059143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.309281587600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25919434428215027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1590689718723297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.08352023363113403}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.7258220911026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7067317366600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6486980319023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.604658842086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.5368720889091492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5341815948486328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.5024056434631348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.4920908808708191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4689834713935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.43279367685317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42649608850479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4230788052082062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4187614619731903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35515809059143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.309281587600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25919434428215027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1590689718723297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.08352023363113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2018.8377388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2018.8377388","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:504833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC.2018.8377388>).","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/630429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/630429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026584279","https://openalex.org/W2032352143","https://openalex.org/W2099651019","https://openalex.org/W2105935781","https://openalex.org/W2124726137","https://openalex.org/W2143742289","https://openalex.org/W2149472588","https://openalex.org/W2152481521","https://openalex.org/W2154122080","https://openalex.org/W2182565882","https://openalex.org/W2221609672","https://openalex.org/W2272920939","https://openalex.org/W2300165980","https://openalex.org/W2330152754","https://openalex.org/W2336491352","https://openalex.org/W2582533589","https://openalex.org/W2607000399","https://openalex.org/W2776768503","https://openalex.org/W2777658955","https://openalex.org/W2801476520","https://openalex.org/W2818721468","https://openalex.org/W6697473257","https://openalex.org/W6751260026","https://openalex.org/W6752834111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092197247","https://openalex.org/W2904244837","https://openalex.org/W1259662306","https://openalex.org/W3205027828","https://openalex.org/W4319082625","https://openalex.org/W2892361415","https://openalex.org/W2132952461","https://openalex.org/W4387314862","https://openalex.org/W1534233432","https://openalex.org/W1194392288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underwater":[0],"optical":[1,33,57],"wireless":[2,34,58],"networks":[3,59],"(UOWNs)":[4],"have":[5],"recently":[6],"gained":[7],"attention":[8],"as":[9],"an":[10,24],"emerging":[11],"solution":[12],"to":[13,26,77,84,111,149],"the":[14,52,78,112,151,164,169],"growing":[15],"demand":[16],"for":[17,92,142],"broadband":[18],"connectivity.":[19],"Even":[20],"though":[21],"it":[22],"is":[23,105],"alternative":[25],"low-bandwidth":[27],"and":[28,41,50,68,108,131,144,167],"high-latency":[29],"acoustic":[30],"systems,":[31],"underwater":[32,56],"communications":[35],"(UOWC)":[36],"suffers":[37],"from":[38],"limited":[39],"range":[40],"requires":[42],"effective":[43],"multi-hop":[44,159],"solutions.":[45],"Therefore,":[46],"this":[47],"paper":[48],"analyzes":[49],"compares":[51],"performance":[53,120,153,166],"of":[54],"multihop":[55,128],"under":[60],"two":[61],"relaying":[62],"schemes:":[63],"Decode":[64],"&":[65,70],"Forward":[66,71],"(DF)":[67],"Amplify":[69],"(AF).":[72],"Noting":[73],"that":[74,158],"nodes":[75,89,99],"close":[76],"surface":[79],"sink":[80],"(SS)":[81],"are":[82,90],"required":[83],"relay":[85],"more":[86],"information,":[87],"these":[88,98],"enabled":[91],"retro-reflective":[93],"communication,":[94],"where":[95],"SS":[96,113],"illuminates":[97],"with":[100],"a":[101],"continuous-wave":[102],"beam":[103],"which":[104],"then":[106],"modulated":[107],"reflected":[109],"back":[110],"receivers.":[114],"Accordingly,":[115],"we":[116,138],"analytically":[117],"evaluate":[118],"important":[119],"metrics":[121],"including":[122],"end-to-end":[123,152],"bit":[124],"error":[125],"rate,":[126],"achievable":[127],"data":[129],"rates,":[130],"communication":[132,170],"ranges":[133],"between":[134],"node":[135],"pairs.":[136],"Thereafter,":[137],"develop":[139],"routing":[140],"algorithms":[141],"DF":[143],"AF":[145],"schemes":[146],"in":[147],"order":[148],"maximize":[150],"metrics.":[154],"Numerical":[155],"results":[156],"demonstrate":[157],"transmission":[160],"can":[161],"significantly":[162],"enhance":[163],"network":[165],"expand":[168],"range.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}