{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2808300182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2018.8377237","title":"SDR and NFV extensions in the ns-3 LTE module for 5G rapid prototyping","display_name":"SDR and NFV extensions in the ns-3 LTE module for 5G rapid prototyping","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2808300182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2018.8377237","mag":"2808300182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2018.8377237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2018.8377237","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/2525780","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002762673","display_name":"Marco Miozzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3872-5907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Miozzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087182374","display_name":"Nikolaos Bartzoudis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7528-5934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Bartzoudis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020880424","display_name":"Manuel Requena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9087-2942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Requena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062493700","display_name":"Oriol Font-Bach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0040-5281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oriol Font-Bach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087759299","display_name":"Pavel Harbanau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-3406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavel Harbanau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073438246","display_name":"David L\u00f3pez\u2010Bueno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9005-0532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Lopez-Bueno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042589490","display_name":"Miquel Payar\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0145-1674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miquel Payaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038195631","display_name":"Josep Mangues","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep Mangues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1172,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92212804,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9585999846458435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7859009504318237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol-stack","display_name":"Protocol stack","score":0.7097862958908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.567130446434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.5598207712173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.5384500026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-functions-virtualization","display_name":"Network Functions Virtualization","score":0.5063916444778442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.46594536304473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.45223894715309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.4496326446533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4200972020626068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4195539057254791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-indicator","display_name":"Performance indicator","score":0.4189283549785614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3733241558074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33930280804634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.22301015257835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.17605388164520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.16692230105400085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.12619972229003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1205437183380127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7859009504318237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38601921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757693","display_name":"Protocol stack","level":3,"score":0.7097862958908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.567130446434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.5598207712173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.5384500026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200789330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7000834","display_name":"Network Functions Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.5063916444778442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.46594536304473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.45223894715309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.4496326446533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4200972020626068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4195539057254791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135510737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance indicator","level":2,"score":0.4189283549785614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3733241558074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33930280804634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.22301015257835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.17605388164520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.16692230105400085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.12619972229003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1205437183380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2018.8377237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2018.8377237","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:2525780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/2525780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:2525780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/2525780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050765304","https://openalex.org/W2088678166","https://openalex.org/W2289258947","https://openalex.org/W2587663276","https://openalex.org/W2686831692","https://openalex.org/W2737155363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2167596916","https://openalex.org/W2496445523","https://openalex.org/W1594893153","https://openalex.org/W2068415504","https://openalex.org/W4233730885","https://openalex.org/W2606106394","https://openalex.org/W2979258331","https://openalex.org/W2461440407","https://openalex.org/W3148545455","https://openalex.org/W2309305620"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"virtualization":[1,123],"of":[2,8,18,55,62,83,90,107,113,139,146,169,172],"mobile":[3],"network":[4,40,109,121,131],"functions":[5,103],"constitutes":[6],"one":[7],"the":[9,14,39,51,56,63,80,84,87,95,101,108,111,134,137,144,153,166,170],"main":[10],"blocks":[11],"for":[12],"addressing":[13],"high":[15],"flexibility":[16,82],"requirements":[17],"fifth":[19],"generation":[20],"(5G)":[21],"communication":[22,102],"systems.":[23],"Reconfigurable":[24],"hotspots":[25],"are":[26],"expected":[27],"to":[28,32,43,67,99,127,158],"be":[29],"massively":[30],"deployed":[31],"enable":[33],"on-demand":[34],"services":[35],"and":[36,53,143,176],"dynamically":[37],"adapt":[38],"capacity":[41],"according":[42],"traffic":[44],"requirements.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47,162],"paper,":[48],"we":[49,164],"present":[50,165],"extensions":[52,78],"modifications":[54],"long":[57],"term":[58],"evolution":[59],"(LTE)":[60],"module":[61],"ns-3":[64],"simulator":[65,85],"(LENA)":[66],"include":[68],"a":[69,91,120],"software":[70],"defined":[71],"radio":[72],"(SDR)":[73],"physical":[74],"layer":[75,155],"implementation.":[76],"These":[77],"combine":[79],"native":[81],"with":[86,110],"SDR":[88],"features":[89],"real-time":[92],"prototype.":[93],"Moreover,":[94],"framework":[96],"was":[97],"designed":[98],"distribute":[100],"across":[104],"different":[105],"elements":[106],"possibility":[112],"adjusting":[114],"several":[115],"transmission":[116],"parameters":[117],"as":[118],"in":[119,179],"function":[122],"(NFV)":[124],"paradigm.":[125],"Thanks":[126],"an":[128],"emulated":[129],"full":[130],"protocol":[132],"stack,":[133],"prototype":[135],"allows":[136],"experimentation":[138],"novel":[140],"5G":[141],"solutions":[142],"evaluation":[145,168],"relevant":[147,180],"key":[148],"performance":[149],"indicators":[150],"(KPIs)":[151],"from":[152],"lower":[154],"protocols":[156],"up":[157],"application":[159],"level.":[160],"To":[161],"aim,":[163],"experimental":[167],"KPIs":[171],"energy,":[173],"latency,":[174],"throughput":[175],"reconfiguration":[177],"time":[178],"scenarios.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}