{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2613382796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2017.7925690","title":"Physical Layer Security Enhancement in Multiuser Mixed RF/FSO Relay Networks under RF Interference","display_name":"Physical Layer Security Enhancement in Multiuser Mixed RF/FSO Relay Networks under RF Interference","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2613382796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2017.7925690","mag":"2613382796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2017.7925690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2017.7925690","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017173021","display_name":"Ahmed H. Abd El\u2010Malek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7906-815X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146977602","display_name":"Pharos University in Alexandria","ror":"https://ror.org/04cgmbd24","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146977602"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed H. Abd El-Malek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electr. Eng., Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, EG"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, EG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146977602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058820577","display_name":"Anas M. Salhab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6777-0718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anas M. Salhab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087004954","display_name":"Salam A. Zummo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-0724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salam A. Zummo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017173021"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146977602"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.43,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63983139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.6812442541122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.6665633320808411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5553761124610901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5369043350219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.5077806115150452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4811452627182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-channel-interference","display_name":"Co-channel interference","score":0.47164982557296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.45556640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.44065895676612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.41608166694641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.414753258228302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41149282455444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.39312151074409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.36148470640182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.33909010887145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2547553479671478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24986261129379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2487105429172516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17787432670593262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.17597919702529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16951900720596313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.6812442541122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.6665633320808411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5553761124610901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5369043350219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.5077806115150452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4811452627182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6532628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5137431","display_name":"Co-channel interference","level":4,"score":0.47164982557296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.45556640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.44065895676612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.41608166694641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.414753258228302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41149282455444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.39312151074409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.36148470640182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33909010887145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2547553479671478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24986261129379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2487105429172516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17787432670593262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.17597919702529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16951900720596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2017.7925690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2017.7925690","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/623890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/623890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W774483632","https://openalex.org/W1971604014","https://openalex.org/W2070394551","https://openalex.org/W2081977099","https://openalex.org/W2128482304","https://openalex.org/W2133072340","https://openalex.org/W2136126268","https://openalex.org/W2136253824","https://openalex.org/W2147916281","https://openalex.org/W2161694611","https://openalex.org/W2169190801","https://openalex.org/W2170422354","https://openalex.org/W2323430310","https://openalex.org/W2493309683","https://openalex.org/W3008609509"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116044594","https://openalex.org/W2101999641","https://openalex.org/W2795180473","https://openalex.org/W1503152075","https://openalex.org/W301676527","https://openalex.org/W2052600062","https://openalex.org/W2090373650","https://openalex.org/W2124541664","https://openalex.org/W2383416193","https://openalex.org/W289296924"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,31],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,13,32,52,83,94,100,124,130,136,149,166,170],"impact":[4],"of":[5,15,54,132,169],"radio":[6],"frequency":[7],"(RF)":[8],"co-channel":[9],"interference":[10],"(CCI)":[11],"on":[12],"performance":[14,126],"multiuser":[16],"(MU)":[17],"mixed":[18],"RF/free":[19],"space":[20],"optical":[21],"(FSO)":[22],"relay":[23,50,138],"network":[24],"with":[25,42,71],"opportunistic":[26],"user":[27,36],"scheduling":[28],"is":[29,37,87,97,127],"studied.":[30],"considered":[33],"system,":[34],"a":[35,43,55,113],"opportunistically":[38],"selected":[39],"to":[40,65,111,117,164],"communicate":[41],"single":[44,56],"destination":[45],"through":[46],"an":[47,90],"amplify-and-forward":[48],"(AF)":[49],"in":[51,129],"presence":[53,131],"passive":[57],"eavesdropper.":[58],"The":[59,106,152],"RF/FSO":[60],"channel":[61],"models":[62],"are":[63,109,157],"assumed":[64],"follow":[66],"Rayleigh/Gamma-Gamma":[67],"fading":[68],"models,":[69],"respectively":[70],"pointing":[72],"errors":[73],"and":[74,139,144,161],"identical":[75],"RF":[76,120],"CCI":[77,133],"signals.":[78],"Exact":[79],"closed-form":[80,146],"expression":[81,92],"for":[82,93,148],"system":[84],"outage":[85,95],"probability":[86,96],"derived.":[88],"Then,":[89,123],"asymptotic":[91,107,145],"obtained":[98],"at":[99,134],"high":[101],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[102],"ratio":[103],"(SINR)":[104],"regime.":[105],"results":[108,163],"used":[110],"formulate":[112],"power":[114],"allocation":[115],"problem":[116],"obtain":[118],"optimal":[119],"transmission":[121],"power.":[122],"secrecy":[125],"studied":[128],"both":[135],"authorized":[137],"eavesdropper":[140],"by":[141,159],"obtaining":[142],"exact":[143],"expressions":[147],"intercept":[150],"probability.":[151],"derived":[153],"analytical":[154],"formulas":[155],"herein":[156],"supported":[158],"numerical":[160],"simulation":[162],"clarify":[165],"main":[167],"contributions":[168],"work.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
