{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2519031305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2016.7564908","title":"PITM: Passive indoor object tracking with Markov probability estimation in wireless sensor networks","display_name":"PITM: Passive indoor object tracking with Markov probability estimation in wireless sensor networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2519031305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2016.7564908","mag":"2519031305"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2016.7564908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2016.7564908","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101540498","display_name":"Jun Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3052-3828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of CNII, MOE, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of CNII, MOE, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100405318","display_name":"Jianhua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1694-0975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of CNII, MOE, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of CNII, MOE, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033834571","display_name":"Tianqi Zhai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianqi Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of CNII, MOE, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of CNII, MOE, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445744","display_name":"Guo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-8879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of CNII, MOE, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of CNII, MOE, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100352949","display_name":"Ziyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7563-5236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of CNII, MOE, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of CNII, MOE, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100892935","display_name":"Jian He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of CNII, MOE, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of CNII, MOE, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.760360598564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6374573707580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6135459542274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5749583840370178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.5499904155731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.5017025470733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4808967113494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4780322015285492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.47419434785842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4572640657424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4464958906173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39540934562683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36850467324256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.19506242871284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15592917799949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.13747727870941162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1179649829864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09443023800849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08712807297706604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.760360598564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6374573707580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6135459542274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5749583840370178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.5499904155731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.5017025470733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4808967113494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4780322015285492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.47419434785842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4572640657424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4464958906173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39540934562683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36850467324256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.19506242871284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15592917799949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.13747727870941162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1179649829864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09443023800849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08712807297706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2016.7564908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2016.7564908","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499179031","https://openalex.org/W1980116392","https://openalex.org/W1988348999","https://openalex.org/W1996137199","https://openalex.org/W2006893519","https://openalex.org/W2011416991","https://openalex.org/W2043050651","https://openalex.org/W2043694130","https://openalex.org/W2056706311","https://openalex.org/W2070796767","https://openalex.org/W2088739204","https://openalex.org/W2092062107","https://openalex.org/W2107322003","https://openalex.org/W2109087563","https://openalex.org/W2110446590","https://openalex.org/W2126300356","https://openalex.org/W2137184956","https://openalex.org/W2151034334","https://openalex.org/W2160468287","https://openalex.org/W2539979413"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379651310","https://openalex.org/W2318603563","https://openalex.org/W2113019827","https://openalex.org/W1541249122","https://openalex.org/W2413828414","https://openalex.org/W2367222340","https://openalex.org/W887692824","https://openalex.org/W2354419434","https://openalex.org/W2021121433","https://openalex.org/W4285271403"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Exploiting":[0],"Radio":[1],"Signal":[2],"Strength":[3],"Indicator":[4],"(RSSI)":[5],"estimation":[6,101],"method":[7],"to":[8,20,47,65],"conduct":[9],"indoor":[10,81,84,151],"localization":[11],"in":[12,79],"wireless":[13],"sensor":[14],"networks":[15],"offers":[16],"a":[17,91,103],"new":[18],"approach":[19,129],"serve":[21],"object":[22,31,85,108,117,152],"tracking":[23,27,86,109,118,132,153],"and":[24,40,130],"improve":[25],"the":[26,30,34,38,41,49,54,60,67,70,74,80,107,121,127,131,135,146],"precision.":[28],"When":[29],"is":[32,44,63,88,114],"closer":[33],"line-of-sight":[35],"link":[36],"between":[37],"transmitter":[39],"receiver,":[42],"it":[43],"more":[45,149],"likely":[46],"arouse":[48],"attenuation":[50],"or":[51],"amplification":[52],"of":[53,69,126,134,148],"RSSI":[55,72],"signal.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"exponential":[61],"model":[62],"used":[64],"analyze":[66],"fluctuation":[68],"measured":[71],"with":[73],"nodes,":[75],"TT":[76],"-":[77],"CC2430,":[78],"environment.":[82],"The":[83,95,124],"scenario":[87],"investigated":[89],"through":[90,140],"Markov":[92,99],"analytical":[93,122,128],"model.":[94],"analysis":[96],"based":[97,119],"on":[98,106,120],"probability":[100],"lays":[102],"theoretical":[104],"foundation":[105],"process.":[110],"Furthermore,":[111],"PITM":[112,136],"scheme":[113,137],"presented":[115],"for":[116],"results.":[123],"soundness":[125],"accuracy":[133],"are":[138],"verified":[139],"extensive":[141],"simulation,":[142],"which":[143],"also":[144],"guides":[145],"design":[147],"sophisticated":[150],"schemes.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}