{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4234476447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2016.7564668","title":"Millimetre wave backhaul/fronthaul deployments for ultra-dense outdoor small cells","display_name":"Millimetre wave backhaul/fronthaul deployments for ultra-dense outdoor small cells","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4234476447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2016.7564668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2016.7564668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2016.7564668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030465614","display_name":"Jialu Lun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jialu Lun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003094661","display_name":"David Grace","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-7498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Grace","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072939307","display_name":"Alister G. Burr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6435-3962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alister Burr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044015805","display_name":"Yunbo Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159102","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/0500fyd17","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210159102"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunbo Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Centre Huawei Technologies, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Centre Huawei Technologies, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090785477","display_name":"Kari Lepp\u00e4nen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159102","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/0500fyd17","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210159102"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kari Leppanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Centre Huawei Technologies, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Centre Huawei Technologies, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159102"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061079034","display_name":"Tao Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9244-8069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159102","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/0500fyd17","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210159102"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Centre Huawei Technologies, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Centre Huawei Technologies, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159102"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030465614"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1838,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62864033,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.9771796464920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ran","display_name":"C-RAN","score":0.7098581194877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6161597967147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6032589077949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5643259286880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5292560458183289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millimetre-wave","display_name":"Millimetre wave","score":0.48141810297966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millimeter","display_name":"Millimeter","score":0.47538840770721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.46824944019317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.4449538290500641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.42887216806411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3132798671722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.25185734033584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13469982147216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10737866163253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-station","display_name":"Mobile station","score":0.08351391553878784}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.9771796464920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5005908","display_name":"C-RAN","level":5,"score":0.7098581194877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6161597967147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6032589077949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5643259286880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5292560458183289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985862388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Millimetre wave","level":2,"score":0.48141810297966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109792285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174789","display_name":"Millimeter","level":2,"score":0.47538840770721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.46824944019317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.4449538290500641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.42887216806411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3132798671722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.25185734033584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13469982147216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10737866163253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.08351391553878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2016.7564668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2016.7564668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1911590525","https://openalex.org/W2064969374","https://openalex.org/W2145647341","https://openalex.org/W2151954810","https://openalex.org/W6666747219"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2592537445","https://openalex.org/W2117039245","https://openalex.org/W2497039592","https://openalex.org/W4287262510","https://openalex.org/W1489198039","https://openalex.org/W2436923341","https://openalex.org/W3138350675","https://openalex.org/W2902173727","https://openalex.org/W2905590419","https://openalex.org/W2004247609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"promising":[3],"millimetre":[4,45],"wave":[5,46],"backhaul":[6,22,120,135],"deployment":[7],"options":[8],"that":[9,101,114],"serve":[10],"an":[11,62],"ultra-dense":[12],"outdoor":[13],"radio":[14],"access":[15],"network":[16],"installed":[17],"on":[18,27,69,92,133],"street-level":[19],"fixtures.":[20],"A":[21],"architecture":[23,67],"which":[24],"is":[25,35,71],"based":[26,68],"either":[28],"Cloud-RAN":[29],"(C-RAN)":[30],"or":[31],"Distributed-RAN":[32],"(D-RAN)":[33],"configuration":[34],"introduced.":[36],"We":[37],"investigate":[38],"the":[39,65,102,115,129,134],"advantages":[40],"and":[41,50,53,82,94,111,117],"disadvantages":[42],"of":[43,119,131],"utilising":[44],"in":[47],"bands":[48],"71-76":[49],"81-86":[51],"GHz":[52],"free":[54],"space":[55],"optics":[56],"(FSO)":[57],"to":[58,73,123,127],"fronthaul/backhaul":[59],"links.":[60,136],"As":[61],"initial":[63],"study,":[64],"proposed":[66],"D-RAN":[70],"applied":[72],"a":[74],"dense":[75],"urban":[76],"city":[77],"area":[78],"where":[79],"moving":[80],"vehicles":[81],"other":[83],"users":[84],"are":[85],"served":[86],"mixed":[87],"traffic,":[88],"including":[89],"high":[90],"resolution":[91],"demand":[93],"real":[95],"time":[96],"video.":[97],"The":[98],"analysis":[99],"shows":[100],"unevenly":[103],"distributed":[104],"traffic":[105],"caused":[106],"by":[107],"different":[108],"user":[109],"types":[110],"mobility":[112],"requires":[113],"location":[116],"number":[118],"links":[121],"need":[122],"be":[124],"carefully":[125],"designed":[126],"overcome":[128],"problems":[130],"bottlenecks":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
