{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2042831541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2014.6952289","title":"End-to-end downlink power consumption of heterogeneous small-cell networks based on the probabilistic traffic model","display_name":"End-to-end downlink power consumption of heterogeneous small-cell networks based on the probabilistic traffic model","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2042831541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2014.6952289","mag":"2042831541"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2014.6952289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2014.6952289","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001803438","display_name":"Ali R\u0131za Ekti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-0374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Riza Ekti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","[Department of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066022046","display_name":"Muhammad Zeeshan Shakir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4777-4719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58152225","display_name":"Texas A&M University at Qatar","ror":"https://ror.org/03vb4dm14","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58152225","https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zeeshan Shakir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Eng., Texas A&M University at Qatar Education City, 23874, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58152225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Eng., Texas A&M University at Qatar Education City, 23874, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58152225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034213361","display_name":"Erchin Serpedin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9069-770X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erchin Serpedin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","[Department of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009224411","display_name":"Khalid Qaraqe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0766-9212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58152225","display_name":"Texas A&M University at Qatar","ror":"https://ror.org/03vb4dm14","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58152225","https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid A. Qaraqe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Eng., Texas A&M University at Qatar Education City, 23874, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58152225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Eng., Texas A&M University at Qatar Education City, 23874, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58152225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6388,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73747421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1138","last_page":"1142"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrocell","display_name":"Macrocell","score":0.9820253849029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.8492002487182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7607051730155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.74924635887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6225449442863464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.5937279462814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5763598680496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.48277798295021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.47136059403419495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.46575647592544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-cell","display_name":"Small cell","score":0.42596080899238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.34991204738616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3223441243171692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.216545969247818}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778291847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163937","display_name":"Macrocell","level":3,"score":0.9820253849029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.8492002487182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7607051730155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.74924635887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6225449442863464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.5937279462814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5763598680496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.48277798295021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.47136059403419495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.46575647592544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179655311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7543020","display_name":"Small cell","level":3,"score":0.42596080899238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.34991204738616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3223441243171692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.216545969247818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2014.6952289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2014.6952289","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974564856","https://openalex.org/W2001139053","https://openalex.org/W2003962573","https://openalex.org/W2016043591","https://openalex.org/W2020756726","https://openalex.org/W2026477847","https://openalex.org/W2071134566","https://openalex.org/W2112170521","https://openalex.org/W2122658093","https://openalex.org/W2125620840","https://openalex.org/W2140516799","https://openalex.org/W2140847480","https://openalex.org/W2160998689"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2585072051","https://openalex.org/W2039090559","https://openalex.org/W2071683989","https://openalex.org/W3120704836","https://openalex.org/W2988410045","https://openalex.org/W2951357926","https://openalex.org/W3105051113","https://openalex.org/W3101445254","https://openalex.org/W2042831541","https://openalex.org/W2078097627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heterogeneous":[0],"networks":[1,12,30,133],"(HetNets)":[2],"represent":[3],"a":[4,167,172],"promising":[5],"solution":[6],"for":[7,214],"the":[8,27,33,35,45,50,56,68,73,78,84,89,93,100,104,107,110,120,123,129,136,159,186,193,204,209,216,227,245],"next":[9],"generation":[10],"wireless":[11],"(NGWNs),":[13],"where":[14],"many":[15,60],"low":[16,18],"power,":[17],"cost":[19],"small-cells":[20,63,182],"(e.g.,":[21],"fem-tocells)":[22],"are":[23,183],"planned":[24],"to":[25,31,49,66,102,109,141,153,208,225],"support":[26],"existing":[28],"macrocell":[29,94,130],"reduce":[32],"over":[34],"air":[36],"signaling":[37],"and":[38,42,95,99,131,170,181,212,238],"uplink":[39],"power":[40,70,81,90,115,197,205,228,247],"consumption,":[41],"thereby":[43],"enhance":[44],"spectral":[46],"efficiency":[47],"compared":[48],"macro-only":[51],"network.":[52,112],"In":[53],"this":[54],"context,":[55],"massive":[57],"deployment":[58],"of":[59,72,83,88,122,162,178,203,219,230,249],"lightly":[61],"loaded":[62],"is":[64,139,151,166],"anticipated":[65],"increase":[67],"downlink":[69,80,114,196,246],"consumption":[71,82,116,198,206,229,248],"HetNets.":[74,231,250],"This":[75,222],"paper":[76],"investigates":[77],"end-to-end":[79],"HetNets,":[85],"which":[86,191],"consists":[87,202],"consumed":[91],"by":[92,156,185],"small-cell":[96,132],"base":[97,210],"stations":[98,211],"backhaul":[101,213],"carry":[103],"traffic":[105,189,239],"from":[106],"access":[108],"core":[111],"The":[113,176,232],"depends":[117],"probabilistically":[118],"on":[119,244],"population":[121,145,161,218],"active":[124,143,163,179,217],"mobile":[125,164,220],"users":[126,165,180],"in":[127,195],"both":[128],"such":[134],"that":[135,158,236],"regulating":[137],"factor":[138,146],"referred":[140],"as":[142],"user":[144],"(AUPF).":[147],"A":[148],"mathematical":[149],"framework":[150],"presented":[152],"derive":[154],"AUPF":[155,237],"assuming":[157],"total":[160],"random":[168],"variable":[169],"has":[171],"Binomial":[173],"probability":[174],"distribution.":[175],"number":[177],"calculated":[184],"proposed":[187],"probabilistic":[188],"model":[190,223],"assures":[192],"reduction":[194],"since":[199],"it":[200],"now":[201],"due":[207],"only":[215],"users.":[221],"helps":[224],"evaluate":[226],"simulations":[233],"results":[234],"indicate":[235],"load":[240],"have":[241],"significant":[242],"impact":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}